Implementation of FEM and Taguchi analysis on blood flow for Casson fluid inclusion of di- and tri-Hamilton Crosser nanofluid through the cylinder with a rough surface

In developing considered occurrence phenomena, the proffered research study is conducted on account of blood motion along with chemically reactive Casson fluid exposed to a circular cylinder, including a rough surface. Moreover, Lorentz force is invoked across the hybrid nanoliquid. The innovation behind this influential approach is based on the assumption of heat production and consumption. Given cooling procedures and the thermal energy mechanism, copper, silver, and titanium oxide within the blood occurrence are used in the proposed study. For the development of the current flow problem, we have considered the Cartesian coordinate system. Due to the complexity of the proffered formulated model, the governing dimensionless set of equations is handled using a traditional numerical approach, the finite element method (FEM). Further, the efficient role of the pertinent constraints arises across the flow phenomena demonstrated graphically and presented in tabular form. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the movement of copper, silver, and titanium oxide in the blood is more intense than the movement of copper and silver in the blood. Meanwhile, thermal energy produced by using copper, silver, and titanium oxide in the blood is much higher in comparison to thermal energy for copper and silver with blood. Moreover, the Nusselt number also depicts an accelerated demeanor for copper, silver, and titanium oxide in the blood in contrast to the production of silver and copper with blood. We have emphasized the proffered study relevance with biomedical applications, specifically its incorporation for understanding blood occurrence within complex geometries and the effects of nanoliquid dispersion in the flow dynamics.