Integrated surveillance and early warning system of emerging infectious diseases in China at community level: current status, gaps and perspectives

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant threat to public health. Effective surveillance and early warning systems that monitor EIDs in a timely manner are crucial for their control. Given that more than half of EIDs are zoonotic, traditional integrated surveillance systems remain inadequate. Despite recent advances in integrated systems in China, there are few systemic reviews on the integrated surveillance and early warning system of EIDs at community level, particularly under the One Health framework. Here, this systematic review summarizes the current status of surveillance advances in China, including the multi-trigger integrated monitor system. It also highlights the mechanisms for embedding the One Health approach into local policy and practice, while identifying challenges and opportunities for improvement. Additionally, guidelines and recommendations are proposed to optimize the integration of multi-sectoral, multi-level and interdisciplinary cooperation at the human–animal–environment interface.