Infection congénitale par le cytomégalovirus humain : quel état des lieux?

Congenital human cytomegalovirus infection is frequent and potentially severe, but remains poorly understood by healthcare professionals and patients alike. This review aims to summarize the key points of this infection, both in terms of pathophysiology and follow-up, detailing diagnosis, primary and secondary prevention options as well as the current situation in France. Recent studies showed that antiviral treatments during pregnancy reduce the risk of maternal-fetal transmission in cases of primary maternal infection. This potential antiviral treatment brings back into focus discussions concerning the need for CMV screening during pregnancy, in order to identify the population at risk of seroconversion, and to initiate treatment as early as possible in the event of maternal primary infection.