环境限制和机遇对畜牧业生产和排放的影响:以新西兰为例研究

IF 6.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Nannan Zhang , Stewart Ledgard , Shelley Falconer , Jiafa Luo , Lin Ma , Zhaohai Bai
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引用次数: 0

摘要

新西兰是全球重要的各种畜产品出口国,但其生产潜力受到环境限制的制约。本研究的目的是探索新西兰畜牧业(乳制品、牛肉和羊)在放牧牧场生产的未来途径,包括土地利用的变化、温室气体的缓解、乳制品牛肉的增加和净碳中和。采用生命周期评价方法确定新西兰畜牧业生产对国家层面的环境影响。牲畜系统的碳、活性氮(Nr)和富营养化潜力(EP)足迹在全国生产总量基础上可分别减少39%、36%和30%。在多种缓解方案下,实现所有畜牧业生产的净碳中和,需要造林0.9 Mha的羊和牛肉地,相应的Nr减排41%,EP减排36%。然而,与没有碳中和变化相比,向所有生产碳中和过渡使当前系统的牲畜蛋白质总产量减少了7%,减缓情景减少了21%。相比之下,增加乳源性牛肉的整合使全国牲畜蛋白质产量提高了3%。通过加强牛乳一体化和使用多种缓解措施来优化畜牧业生产,为新西兰低环境影响畜牧业生产提供了最有希望的途径。然而,这应旨在尽量减少由于对全球粮食出口的巨大影响而对牲畜生产的影响,而对低环境影响产品的更高价值或溢价对于鼓励改变以满足环境限制将是重要的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Implications of environmental constraints and opportunities on livestock production and emissions: New Zealand as a case study
New Zealand (NZ) is an important global exporter of various livestock products, however its potential for production is being constrained by environmental restrictions. The aim of this study was to explore future pathways for NZ livestock (dairy, beef, and sheep) production from grazed pastures, which includes changes in land use, GHG mitigations, increased dairy-beef and net carbon neutrality. Life cycle assessment methodology was used to determine national level environmental impacts of livestock production in NZ. Carbon, reactive nitrogen (Nr) and Eutrophication Potential (EP) footprints on a total production basis at national level from livestock systems could be decreased by 39%, 36% and 30%, respectively. Achieving net carbon neutrality of all livestock production with a multiple mitigation scenario gave corresponding emission reductions of 41% for Nr and 36% for EP, requiring afforestation of 0.9 Mha of sheep and beef land. However, transitioning to carbon neutrality for all production reduced total livestock protein production by 7% for current systems and by 21% for the mitigation scenario compared to no carbon neutrality changes. In contrast, increased integration of dairy-derived beef increased national livestock protein production by 3%. Optimized livestock production through greater dairy beef integration and use of multiple mitigations offers the most promising pathway for low environmental-impact livestock production in NZ. However, this should aim at minimizing effects on livestock production due to the large impact on global food exports, while higher value or premiums for low environmental-impact products will be important to encourage changes to meet the environmental constraints.
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来源期刊
Cleaner Environmental Systems
Cleaner Environmental Systems Environmental Science-Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
32
审稿时长
52 days
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