Angela Gentile, María del Valle Juárez, Gabriela Ensinck, Oscar Lopez, Pablo Melonari, Tatiana Fernández, Andrés Gioiosa, Gustavo Lazarte, Silvina Lobertti, María Florencia Lucion, Natalia Pejito, Camila Racana, Leandro López, Gabriela Gregorio
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This study investigated the clinical-epidemiological pattern of hospitalized pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) and influenza in Argentina, comparing prepandemic and postpandemic periods.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>This multicenter, cross-sectional study included patients under 18 years old admitted for ALRIs in five tertiary centers of Argentina before (2018 and 2019) and after (2022 and 2023) COVID-19. Changes in viral detection rates, seasonality, and case fatality rate (CFR), along with epidemiological and clinical characteristics, were analyzed. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) or RT-PCR was used for virological diagnosis pre-pandemic, and only RT-PCR in post-pandemic. Epi Info 7 and SPSS 15.0 was used for data analysis.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>A total of 5838 cases of ALRI were included (mean age: 9.5 months; IQR: 4–22 months); 96.6% were tested for viral detection, and 66.4% were positive (3877 cases). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most prevalent. Influenza showed typical winter seasonality in 2018, 2019, and 2023. However, 2022 exhibited a bimodal pattern: late summer and spring, with co-circulation of influenza A and B in the second peak. CFR varied by viral diagnosis; influenza showed the highest CFR, all deaths related to influenza A. Among 354 influenza cases, 81% were < 5 years old, 53% were male, 63% had comorbidities, and 14.1% required intensive care. Mean of influenza vaccine coverage (6–24 months) was 21.4%. In both periods, patients with influenza were more likely to have pneumonia. Additionally, in the postpandemic period, malnourishment or being 3 years of age or older was also associated with a higher likelihood of influenza infection compared with infection with other respiratory viruses.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Influenza primarily affected children under 5 years old. Postpandemic cases involved older individuals, and increased circulation of influenza A H3N2 was observed. Vaccination coverage was notably low. Influenza returned to its usual seasonal pattern in 2023.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70078","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comparative Analysis of Influenza Epidemiology Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Argentina (2018–2019 vs. 2022–2023)\",\"authors\":\"Angela Gentile, María del Valle Juárez, Gabriela Ensinck, Oscar Lopez, Pablo Melonari, Tatiana Fernández, Andrés Gioiosa, Gustavo Lazarte, Silvina Lobertti, María Florencia Lucion, Natalia Pejito, Camila Racana, Leandro López, Gabriela Gregorio\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/irv.70078\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Introduction</h3>\\n \\n <p>The COVID-19 pandemic altered the epidemiology of respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
COVID-19大流行改变了SARS-CoV-2以外呼吸道病毒的流行病学。本研究调查了阿根廷急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）和流感住院儿科患者的临床-流行病学模式，比较了大流行前和大流行后的时期。材料和方法本多中心横断面研究纳入了阿根廷五个三级中心在2019冠状病毒病之前（2018年和2019年）和之后（2022年和2023年）接受ALRIs治疗的18岁以下患者。分析了病毒检出率、季节性、病死率（CFR）以及流行病学和临床特征的变化。大流行前采用间接免疫荧光法（IFA）或RT-PCR进行病毒学诊断，大流行后仅采用RT-PCR进行病毒学诊断。采用Epi Info 7软件和SPSS 15.0软件进行数据分析。结果共纳入5838例ALRI患者，平均年龄9.5个月；IQR: 4-22个月)；病毒检出率为96.6%，阳性率为66.4%（3877例）。呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）最为常见。流感在2018年、2019年和2023年表现出典型的冬季季节性。然而，2022年呈现出双峰模式：夏末和春季，甲型和乙型流感在第二个高峰时共同流行。CFR因病毒诊断而异；流感的病死率最高，所有死亡均与甲型流感有关。在354例流感病例中，81%为5岁儿童，53%为男性，63%有合并症，14.1%需要重症监护。流感疫苗接种率（6-24个月）平均为21.4%。在这两个时期，流感患者更有可能患肺炎。此外，在大流行后时期，与感染其他呼吸道病毒相比，营养不良或3岁或3岁以上的人感染流感的可能性也更高。结论流感主要影响5岁以下儿童。大流行后病例涉及老年人，并观察到甲型流感H3N2的传播增加。疫苗接种覆盖率非常低。2023年，流感又回到了通常的季节性模式。
Comparative Analysis of Influenza Epidemiology Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Argentina (2018–2019 vs. 2022–2023)
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic altered the epidemiology of respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2. This study investigated the clinical-epidemiological pattern of hospitalized pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) and influenza in Argentina, comparing prepandemic and postpandemic periods.
Materials and Methods
This multicenter, cross-sectional study included patients under 18 years old admitted for ALRIs in five tertiary centers of Argentina before (2018 and 2019) and after (2022 and 2023) COVID-19. Changes in viral detection rates, seasonality, and case fatality rate (CFR), along with epidemiological and clinical characteristics, were analyzed. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) or RT-PCR was used for virological diagnosis pre-pandemic, and only RT-PCR in post-pandemic. Epi Info 7 and SPSS 15.0 was used for data analysis.
Results
A total of 5838 cases of ALRI were included (mean age: 9.5 months; IQR: 4–22 months); 96.6% were tested for viral detection, and 66.4% were positive (3877 cases). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most prevalent. Influenza showed typical winter seasonality in 2018, 2019, and 2023. However, 2022 exhibited a bimodal pattern: late summer and spring, with co-circulation of influenza A and B in the second peak. CFR varied by viral diagnosis; influenza showed the highest CFR, all deaths related to influenza A. Among 354 influenza cases, 81% were < 5 years old, 53% were male, 63% had comorbidities, and 14.1% required intensive care. Mean of influenza vaccine coverage (6–24 months) was 21.4%. In both periods, patients with influenza were more likely to have pneumonia. Additionally, in the postpandemic period, malnourishment or being 3 years of age or older was also associated with a higher likelihood of influenza infection compared with infection with other respiratory viruses.
Conclusions
Influenza primarily affected children under 5 years old. Postpandemic cases involved older individuals, and increased circulation of influenza A H3N2 was observed. Vaccination coverage was notably low. Influenza returned to its usual seasonal pattern in 2023.
期刊介绍：
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases.
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
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