家庭用电效率与贫困:来自加纳的证据

IF 3.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS
Daniel Kwabena Twerefou, Jacob Opantu Abeney, Michael A. Toman, Priscilla Twumasi Baffour, Festus Ebo Turkson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

除了减少温室气体排放外,提高能源消费效率还具有减少贫困的潜力。然而,人们对用电效率对贫困的影响知之甚少。利用家庭调查的数据,我们估计了加纳家庭的电力消耗效率、多维贫困和消费贫困。然后,我们分别使用工具变量和概率模型来估计电力消费效率对多维和消费贫困的影响。结果表明,在考虑极端贫困线和国家贫困线的情况下,电力消费效率每提高一个百分比,多维贫困分别减少约35.7%和16.5%。电力消费效率的提高使极端消费贫困减少了约9.1%,但对以国家贫困线衡量的消费贫困没有显著影响。这表明,与消费性贫困相比,改善家庭用电可以大大减少多维贫困。愿意冒险购买新电器的家庭大大降低了多维度和消费贫困的可能性。高等教育资格既能减少消费,也能减少多维贫困。我们建议政府加强能源效益计划的政策选择,例如推行能源效益标准及标签计划,推行涵盖制冷器具的换电及返利计划,并制订适用于其他器具的规例。努力还应集中于改善获得教育的机会,推广关于电力消耗效率和节约措施的大量信息和培训方案,并鼓励家庭冒险购买新的电器。政府还可以将效率措施纳入扶贫项目中,比如加纳的生计赋权扶贫项目。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Household electricity consumption efficiency and poverty: Evidence from Ghana

Improving energy consumption efficiency has the potential to reduce poverty in addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, very little is known about the impact of electricity consumption efficiency on poverty. Using data from a household survey, we estimate electricity consumption efficiency, multidimensional poverty, and consumption poverty among Ghanaian households. We then use an instrumental variable and probit models to estimate the impact of electricity consumption efficiency on multidimensional and consumption poverty respectively. The results indicate that a percentage increase in electricity consumption efficiency reduces multidimensional poverty by approximately 35.7% and 16.5% when the extreme and national poverty lines are considered respectively. Improvement in electricity consumption efficiency reduces extreme consumption poverty by about 9.1% but does not significantly impact consumption poverty measured by the national poverty line. This shows that multidimensional poverty can be highly reduced by improvement in household electricity consumption compared to consumption poverty. Households willing to take the risk of buying new electrical appliances significantly reduce the probability of being both multidimensional and consumption poverty. Higher educational qualifications reduce both consumption and multidimensional poverty. We recommend government to strengthen policy choices on demand-side management of electricity through the enhancement of energy efficiency programmes such as the Efficiency Standards and Labelling Programme through turn-in and rebate schemes that cover cooling appliances and develop regulations to cover other appliances. Efforts should also focus on improving access to education, roll-out mass information and training programmes on electricity consumption efficiency and conservation measures and encouraging households to take the risk to buy new electrical appliances. The government could also incorporate efficiency measures in poverty alleviation programmes like the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty in Ghana.

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来源期刊
Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency ENERGY & FUELS-ENERGY & FUELS
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
6.50%
发文量
59
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Energy Efficiency covers wide-ranging aspects of energy efficiency in the residential, tertiary, industrial and transport sectors. Coverage includes a number of different topics and disciplines including energy efficiency policies at local, regional, national and international levels; long term impact of energy efficiency; technologies to improve energy efficiency; consumer behavior and the dynamics of consumption; socio-economic impacts of energy efficiency measures; energy efficiency as a virtual utility; transportation issues; building issues; energy management systems and energy services; energy planning and risk assessment; energy efficiency in developing countries and economies in transition; non-energy benefits of energy efficiency and opportunities for policy integration; energy education and training, and emerging technologies. See Aims and Scope for more details.
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