A randomized controlled trial of effectiveness of brief structured family intervention for patients with opioid dependence and their family members

Introduction

A family intervention program for opioid dependent patients with a few sessions can be highly beneficial in resource limited settings. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a three-session family intervention program in enhancing family functioning and reducing opioid use.

Methods

The study design was an open, parallel, randomized controlled trial, which included 100 males, who were randomized to receive a three session intervention based on psychoeducation, supervision, relapse prevention, communication and coping; and a control group (treatment as usual) in a 1:1 ratio. The participants and their families were assessed through a semi-structured pro forma, McMaster’s Family Assessment Device at baseline and 12 weeks, and substance use section of Maudsley Addiction Profile at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks.

Results

The two groups were mostly comparable in socio-demographics and substance use pattern. The intervention group had a higher retention than the control group (64 % versus 42 %). There was improvement in overall family functioning of the patients, the time effect was significant (F = 41.203, p < 0.001), but not the time x group effect (F = 2.925, p = 0.090). Similarly, for the family group, the time effect was significant (F = 45.629, p < 0.001), but not the time x group effect (F = 0.680, p = 0.412). No significant group differences in opioid use were observed.

Conclusion

The family intervention program was associated with a higher retention, but was not significantly associated with a greater improvement in overall family functioning and reduction of opioid use days. The study highlights the potential of systematic, time-limited family interventions to enhance patient retention in treatment programs for opioid use disorders.