Enoxacin-embedded EuMOF-based ratio fluorescent sensing platform integrated with paper-based sensor and skin-attachable hydrogel for glyphosate detection in foods

To address the urgent requirement for food safety and ecological environmental protection, there is a need for a sensitive and user-friendly method for detecting glyphosate (GLY). Herein, we developed a novel enoxacin-embedded Eu(III) metal-organic frameworks (ENX@EuMOF) sensing platform for fluorescent and visual dual-modes GLY detection in food samples. The ENX@EuMOF exhibited dual fluorescent signal responses to GLY at 613 nm (decrease) and 520 nm (increase) wavelengths, attributed to alterations in energy transfer efficiency and the ligand-to-metal charge transfer effects. The ratiometric fluorescent platform illustrated excellent sensitivity, achieving a low limitation of detection (LOD) of 0.35 mg/L and 10 mg/ L for fluorescent and visual detection, respectively. The linear response fell into the concentration range of 5 mg/L to 100 mg/L. Furthermore, it was also successfully applied to GLY-contaminated food, including corn, sunflower seed, soybean, eggplant, citrus, and tea. Meanwhile, the paper- and polyacrylamide hydrogel-based sensors were developed for rapid and real-time GLY detection on-site. These microsensors facilitated real-time, convenient, and sensitive GLY analysis, offering an efficient and practical solution for agricultural monitoring, which suggests a promising prospect for application.