Flexible Electrochemical Sensing: Compact and Efficient Detection of Bisphenol A Using Copper Nanoparticle Decorated Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Electrode

Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure poses significant health risks, making its analysis essential. This study presents a portable electrochemical sensing platform using copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) decorated on a laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrode (CuNPs@LIGE). The platform is created through a one-step laser-induced synthesis that combines polyimide and metal precursors, resulting in a three-dimensional porous structure. The sensor utilizes linear scan voltammetry for BPA detection with a smartphone-connected electrochemical workstation. The presence of CuNPs in LIG enhances electrical conductivity and response signals. Under optimal conditions, the sensor achieves a detection range from 0.1 μmol/L to 10.0 mmol/L and a low detection limit of 0.033 μmol/L (3σ), demonstrating good stability and selectivity. Additionally, it shows recovery rates between 95.71% and 99.17% for BPA detection in seawater samples, making it a strong candidate for rapid BPA monitoring applications.