中国6 - 12岁儿童共情-系统化认知风格的潜在特征分析：与智力、执行功能和自闭症特征的联系

IF 5.3 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100554

Xin Wang , Le-Le Shen , Shuo-Lin Pan , Jin Jing , Lei Shi , Xu-Chu Weng , Xiu-Hong Li , Li-Zi Lin , Ning Pan

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引用次数: 0

摘要

同情能力和系统化能力分别与智力、执行功能和自闭症特征等关键发展结果相关，尤其是在典型发育儿童中。然而，具体的认知风格——由移情和系统化之间的平衡所定义——与这些结果之间的关系仍不清楚。方法对502名6 ~ 12岁的TD儿童进行潜在特征分析，以共情和系统化多个维度为基础，采用儿童共情商和系统化商测量认知风格。分别使用韦氏儿童智力量表（第四版）、执行功能行为评定量表和社会反应量表对智力、执行功能和自闭症特征进行评估。结果出现了高B型（高共情和系统化）、e型（共情-主导型）、s型（系统化-主导型）和低B型（低共情和系统化）四种认知风格。与低B组相比，高B组和高e组表现出更高的全面智力和语言理解得分。在执行功能方面，低B和s优势组表现出更多的损伤，特别是在抑制控制、情绪调节和整体执行功能方面。在自闭症特征方面，s优势组表现出较高的社交沟通困难和自闭症行为习惯，而低B优势组主要表现出增加的社交沟通挑战。结论以高同理心和高系统化能力为特征的认知风格与较强的智力和社交能力相关，而以系统化为主的认知风格可能导致执行功能困难和自闭症特征升高。这些发现强调了认知风格在发展结果中的作用，并暗示了有针对性的教育和临床干预措施。

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A latent profile analysis of empathizing-systemizing cognitive style among Chinese children aged 6 - 12 years: Links to intelligence, executive function, and autistic traits

Background

Empathizing and systemizing abilities are respectively associated with key developmental outcomes like intelligence, executive function, and autistic traits, particularly in typically developing (TD) children. However, how specific cognitive styles—defined by the balance between empathizing and systemizing—relate to these outcomes remains unclear.

Methods

We conducted a latent profile analysis on 502 TD children aged 6‒12 years to identify cognitive styles based on multiple dimensions of empathizing and systemizing, measured by the Children's Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient. Intelligence, executive function, and autistic traits were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Fourth Edition), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and the Social Responsiveness Scale, respectively.

Results

Four cognitive styles emerged: High B (high empathizing and systemizing), E-dominance (empathizing-dominant), S-dominance (systemizing-dominant), and Low B (low empathizing and systemizing). The High B and E-dominance groups showed higher full-scale intelligence and verbal comprehension scores compared to the Low B group. In executive function, the Low B and S-dominance groups displayed more impairments, particularly in inhibitory control, emotional regulation, and overall executive function. For autistic traits, the S-dominance group showed higher levels of both social-communication difficulties and autistic mannerisms, while the Low B group primarily displayed increased social-communication challenges.

Conclusion

Cognitive styles marked by high empathizing and systemizing ability correlate with stronger intelligence and social-communication skills, while a systemizing-dominant profile may lead to executive function difficulties and elevated autistic traits. These findings emphasize the role of cognitive styles in developmental outcomes, with implications for tailored educational and clinical interventions.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

5.70%

发文量

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology is dedicated to publishing manuscripts with a strong emphasis on both basic and applied research, encompassing experimental, clinical, and theoretical contributions that advance the fields of Clinical and Health Psychology. With a focus on four core domains—clinical psychology and psychotherapy, psychopathology, health psychology, and clinical neurosciences—the IJCHP seeks to provide a comprehensive platform for scholarly discourse and innovation. The journal accepts Original Articles (empirical studies) and Review Articles. Manuscripts submitted to IJCHP should be original and not previously published or under consideration elsewhere. All signing authors must unanimously agree on the submitted version of the manuscript. By submitting their work, authors agree to transfer their copyrights to the Journal for the duration of the editorial process.