Recharge area estimation by block and mountain front for the Los Humeros Geothermal Field, Puebla, Mexico: Advancing the conceptual model

The Los Humeros Geothermal Field in Mexico is recognized as one of the most important in the country due to its geological conditions and electricity generation capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to provide new data for the conceptual model through remote analysis techniques, GIS tools, and hydrogeological exploration campaigns in the areas surrounding the geothermal field. The focus was on defining the area of the mountain front and the mountain block to estimate the potential recharge through these two components. It was determined that the potential recharge areas are located in the mountain fronts and mountain blocks of six subbasins surrounding the Los Humeros geothermal field, occupying an area of 5528 km². The estimated recharge of the mountain front and mountain block ranges between 199 and 3996 million cubic meters, depending on the infiltration rates considered (5% or 100% recharge). These estimates are similar to the recharge volume estimated by the Federal Electricity Commission. This scientific study provides new knowledge about the conceptual model of the Los Humeros geothermal field, specifically regarding the definition of recharge areas from mountain fronts and blocks. The findings contribute to a better understanding of recharge mechanisms in the geothermal field and have significant implications for the sustainable management of water resources in the area.