The intersection of race and class: Neighborhood socio-economic status and fatal pedestrian and bicycle collisions by race/ethnicity

Transit safety research has paid considerable interest to the likelihood of fatal bicycle and pedestrian collisions by race/ethnicity. Not as well understood is how these racial disparities may differ by neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). Utilizing data from multiple sources, including the California Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS), we analyze how neighborhood SES influences collision outcomes by race/ethnicity across California. Using generalized linear mixed models, we find that higher SES neighborhoods generally have lower rates of fatal collisions, particularly benefiting White cyclists and pedestrians. However, Black and Hispanic individuals do not experience the same decline in the chance of fatal collisions, highlighting ongoing racial/ethnic disparities. Our results emphasize the need for targeted interventions to address these disparities, including equitable infrastructure investments, road safety programs tailored to at-risk populations, and driver education to reduce aggressive behaviors towards minority road users. Policymakers should prioritize inclusive infrastructure that meets the needs of all communities, particularly those with higher proportions of racial/ethnic minorities.