Component modulation strategy to construct multi-heterogeneous interfaces to promote interfacial polarization for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

In the face of the increasingly serious electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution, a component modulation strategy is proposed in this study. By integrating ZIF-67 and FeOOH into MXene nanosheets and performing heat treatment, a multiphase heterogeneous structure based on the multicomponent synergistic effect was successfully constructed. The synergistic effect of dielectric loss and magnetic loss is realized, and the rich heterogeneous interface and multi-scale structure significantly enhance the interface polarization and multiple scattering. The results show that the EMW absorption performance can be optimized by adjusting the composition of the composites. MXene@CoFe₂O₄ exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −44.98 dB at 2.3 mm thickness and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_max) of 4.64 GHz at 2.1 mm. MXene@CoFe₂O₄/CoFe composite has an RL_min of −55.14 dB at a thickness of 2.1 mm and an EAB_max of 5.60 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm. This work provides important insights into the development of wideband EMW absorbent materials.