{"title":"腹股沟下显微镜下精索静脉曲张切除术（静脉抽取）时静脉曲张的引流：是否影响疼痛、美观和精子图？","authors":"B. Kati , E. Ordek , I. Demir , E.S. Pelit","doi":"10.1016/j.acuroe.2025.501706","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Varicocele, defined as abnormal convoluted enlargement of the pampiniform plexus veins, is the most common cause of correctable male infertility. This study aimed to investigate the effect of blood drainage in varicose veins on spermiogram parameters, postoperative pain, cosmetic appearance, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients diagnosed with clinical varicocele and admitted to our urology outpatient clinic between January 2020 and January 2024 were evaluated. Those with a venous vessel diameter ≥ 2.5 mm underwent subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy. In 75 patients, a small incision was made in the thickest varicose vein, and the veins were ligated after venous blood was drained by hand patting. In another 75 patients, vessels were cut and ligated by the classical method without venous blood drainage. Exclusion criteria included patients younger than 18, those with secondary varicocelectomy history, undescended testis, testicular trauma or tumors, and prior infertility treatment. Preoperative and postoperative spermiogram values, pain scores, cosmetic appearance, and patient satisfaction were recorded and compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The pain rate was significantly lower (<em>p</em> < 0.05) in the blood-milking varicocelectomy group during postoperative controls (7–10 days) compared to the classical method group. The blood-milking group also showed significantly higher (<em>p</em> < 0.05) sperm count and motility at the 3rd postoperative month. Cosmetic satisfaction was significantly higher (<em>p</em> < 0.05) in the blood-milking group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Blood drainage during subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy significantly reduces postoperative pain and enhances sperm values, cosmetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction. These findings suggest that vein-milking techniques during varicocelectomy can optimize postoperative outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94291,"journal":{"name":"Actas urologicas espanolas","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 501706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Drainage of varicose veins during subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy (vein milking): Does it affect pain, cosmetic appearance, and spermiogram?\",\"authors\":\"B. Kati , E. Ordek , I. Demir , E.S. Pelit\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.acuroe.2025.501706\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Varicocele, defined as abnormal convoluted enlargement of the pampiniform plexus veins, is the most common cause of correctable male infertility. This study aimed to investigate the effect of blood drainage in varicose veins on spermiogram parameters, postoperative pain, cosmetic appearance, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients diagnosed with clinical varicocele and admitted to our urology outpatient clinic between January 2020 and January 2024 were evaluated. Those with a venous vessel diameter ≥ 2.5 mm underwent subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy. In 75 patients, a small incision was made in the thickest varicose vein, and the veins were ligated after venous blood was drained by hand patting. In another 75 patients, vessels were cut and ligated by the classical method without venous blood drainage. Exclusion criteria included patients younger than 18, those with secondary varicocelectomy history, undescended testis, testicular trauma or tumors, and prior infertility treatment. Preoperative and postoperative spermiogram values, pain scores, cosmetic appearance, and patient satisfaction were recorded and compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The pain rate was significantly lower (<em>p</em> < 0.05) in the blood-milking varicocelectomy group during postoperative controls (7–10 days) compared to the classical method group. The blood-milking group also showed significantly higher (<em>p</em> < 0.05) sperm count and motility at the 3rd postoperative month. Cosmetic satisfaction was significantly higher (<em>p</em> < 0.05) in the blood-milking group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Blood drainage during subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy significantly reduces postoperative pain and enhances sperm values, cosmetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction. These findings suggest that vein-milking techniques during varicocelectomy can optimize postoperative outcomes.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":94291,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Actas urologicas espanolas\",\"volume\":\"49 3\",\"pages\":\"Article 501706\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Actas urologicas espanolas\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173578625000253\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Actas urologicas espanolas","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173578625000253","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Drainage of varicose veins during subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy (vein milking): Does it affect pain, cosmetic appearance, and spermiogram?
Introduction
Varicocele, defined as abnormal convoluted enlargement of the pampiniform plexus veins, is the most common cause of correctable male infertility. This study aimed to investigate the effect of blood drainage in varicose veins on spermiogram parameters, postoperative pain, cosmetic appearance, and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with clinical varicocele and admitted to our urology outpatient clinic between January 2020 and January 2024 were evaluated. Those with a venous vessel diameter ≥ 2.5 mm underwent subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy. In 75 patients, a small incision was made in the thickest varicose vein, and the veins were ligated after venous blood was drained by hand patting. In another 75 patients, vessels were cut and ligated by the classical method without venous blood drainage. Exclusion criteria included patients younger than 18, those with secondary varicocelectomy history, undescended testis, testicular trauma or tumors, and prior infertility treatment. Preoperative and postoperative spermiogram values, pain scores, cosmetic appearance, and patient satisfaction were recorded and compared.
Results
The pain rate was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the blood-milking varicocelectomy group during postoperative controls (7–10 days) compared to the classical method group. The blood-milking group also showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) sperm count and motility at the 3rd postoperative month. Cosmetic satisfaction was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the blood-milking group.
Conclusions
Blood drainage during subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy significantly reduces postoperative pain and enhances sperm values, cosmetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction. These findings suggest that vein-milking techniques during varicocelectomy can optimize postoperative outcomes.
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