Yuli Fradkin, Joaquin A Anguera, Alexander J Simon, Luis De Taboada, Eugenia Steingold
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The tPBM was delivered using an investigational medical device designed for this purpose. Changes in ASD symptoms were measured using pre- and post-intervention scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS-2, 2nd Edition). We collected electroencephalogram (EEG) data after each treatment session from all children who tolerated wearing the EEG cap to monitor changes in brain activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention resulted in a significant 7-point reduction in average CARS-2 scores (<i>t</i> = 10.23, <i>p</i> < .0001), along with decreased delta power and increased gamma and beta power in EEG readings. The increase in gamma power was statistically significant [<i>t</i>(14) = 2.30, <i>p</i> = 0.047]. Changes in EEG power were significantly correlated with the number of sessions (delta: <i>r</i>(192) = -0.18, <i>p</i> = .013; gamma: <i>r</i>(192) = .19, <i>p</i> = .007; beta: <i>r</i>(192) = .15, <i>p</i> = .04). Improvements in CARS-2 scores were negatively correlated with changes in delta and beta power (delta: <i>r</i>(15) = -.59, <i>p</i> = .020; beta: <i>r</i>(15) = -.54, <i>p</i> = .037). No moderate or severe side effects were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the potential of tPBM as a safe and effective treatment for ASD, and it suggests that EEG measurements may serve as a useful biomarker for future research.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04660552.</p>","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"4 ","pages":"1477839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11814471/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Transcranial photobiomodulation for reducing symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and modulating brain electrophysiology in children aged 2-7: an open label study.\",\"authors\":\"Yuli Fradkin, Joaquin A Anguera, Alexander J Simon, Luis De Taboada, Eugenia Steingold\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/frcha.2025.1477839\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Small pilot studies have indicated that transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) may help alleviate symptoms of neurological conditions like depression, traumatic brain injury and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the effect of tPBM on the behavioral symptoms of ASD and brain electrophysiology in children aged 2-7.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an open label, one-arm study with 23 participants, aged 2-7, previously diagnosed with ASD. We delivered non-invasively to all participants pulses of near-infrared light (wavelength 850 nm, pulse 40 Hz) to cortical nodes of Default Mode Network, Broca and Wernicke areas, and occipital lobe of the brain, twice weekly for 10 weeks. The tPBM was delivered using an investigational medical device designed for this purpose. Changes in ASD symptoms were measured using pre- and post-intervention scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS-2, 2nd Edition). We collected electroencephalogram (EEG) data after each treatment session from all children who tolerated wearing the EEG cap to monitor changes in brain activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention resulted in a significant 7-point reduction in average CARS-2 scores (<i>t</i> = 10.23, <i>p</i> < .0001), along with decreased delta power and increased gamma and beta power in EEG readings. The increase in gamma power was statistically significant [<i>t</i>(14) = 2.30, <i>p</i> = 0.047]. Changes in EEG power were significantly correlated with the number of sessions (delta: <i>r</i>(192) = -0.18, <i>p</i> = .013; gamma: <i>r</i>(192) = .19, <i>p</i> = .007; beta: <i>r</i>(192) = .15, <i>p</i> = .04). Improvements in CARS-2 scores were negatively correlated with changes in delta and beta power (delta: <i>r</i>(15) = -.59, <i>p</i> = .020; beta: <i>r</i>(15) = -.54, <i>p</i> = .037). 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：小型试点研究表明，经颅光生物调节（tPBM）可能有助于缓解神经系统疾病的症状，如抑郁症、创伤性脑损伤和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）。目的：探讨tPBM对2 ~ 7岁儿童ASD行为症状及脑电生理的影响。方法：我们进行了一项开放标签单臂研究，共有23名参与者，年龄2-7岁，先前诊断为ASD。我们向所有参与者提供无创的近红外光脉冲（波长850 nm，脉冲40 Hz），以默认模式网络皮质节点，Broca和Wernicke区域，以及大脑枕叶，每周两次，持续10周。tPBM是使用为此目的设计的研究性医疗设备交付的。使用儿童自闭症评定量表（CARS-2，第2版）的干预前和干预后评分来测量ASD症状的变化。我们收集了所有耐受佩戴脑电图帽的儿童每次治疗后的脑电图（EEG）数据，以监测脑活动的变化。结果：干预导致平均CARS-2评分显著降低7分(t = 10.23, p = 14) = 2.30, p = 0.047)。脑电图功率的变化与会话数显著相关(δ: r(192) = -0.18, p = 0.013；γ: r(192) =。19, p = .007；β: r(192) =。15, p = .04)。CARS-2评分的改善与δ和β功率的变化呈负相关（δ: r(15) = -）。59, p = 0.020；r(15) = -。54, p = .037)。没有中度或严重副作用的报道。结论：本研究支持tPBM作为一种安全有效的ASD治疗方法的潜力，并提示脑电图测量可作为未来研究的有用生物标志物。试验注册：https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04660552。
Transcranial photobiomodulation for reducing symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and modulating brain electrophysiology in children aged 2-7: an open label study.
Background: Small pilot studies have indicated that transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) may help alleviate symptoms of neurological conditions like depression, traumatic brain injury and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Objective: To examine the effect of tPBM on the behavioral symptoms of ASD and brain electrophysiology in children aged 2-7.
Methods: We conducted an open label, one-arm study with 23 participants, aged 2-7, previously diagnosed with ASD. We delivered non-invasively to all participants pulses of near-infrared light (wavelength 850 nm, pulse 40 Hz) to cortical nodes of Default Mode Network, Broca and Wernicke areas, and occipital lobe of the brain, twice weekly for 10 weeks. The tPBM was delivered using an investigational medical device designed for this purpose. Changes in ASD symptoms were measured using pre- and post-intervention scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS-2, 2nd Edition). We collected electroencephalogram (EEG) data after each treatment session from all children who tolerated wearing the EEG cap to monitor changes in brain activity.
Results: The intervention resulted in a significant 7-point reduction in average CARS-2 scores (t = 10.23, p < .0001), along with decreased delta power and increased gamma and beta power in EEG readings. The increase in gamma power was statistically significant [t(14) = 2.30, p = 0.047]. Changes in EEG power were significantly correlated with the number of sessions (delta: r(192) = -0.18, p = .013; gamma: r(192) = .19, p = .007; beta: r(192) = .15, p = .04). Improvements in CARS-2 scores were negatively correlated with changes in delta and beta power (delta: r(15) = -.59, p = .020; beta: r(15) = -.54, p = .037). No moderate or severe side effects were reported.
Conclusion: This study supports the potential of tPBM as a safe and effective treatment for ASD, and it suggests that EEG measurements may serve as a useful biomarker for future research.
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