Trends and innovations in biomass utilization for wastewater treatment in Indonesia: a comprehensive bibliometric review

This bibliometric review examines the trends and innovations in biomass utilization for wastewater treatment in Indonesia, emphasizing significant contributions and emerging research areas. Through an analysis of co-authorship networks, co-citation networks, and keyword co-occurrence maps, the review identifies key authors, influential publications, and dominant research themes. The findings highlight that biomass-based methods, including the use of microalgae, macrophytes, and microbial consortia, are central to wastewater treatment efforts in Indonesia. These approaches provide sustainable and cost-effective solutions for pollutant removal and resource recovery. The growing emphasis on keywords such as “biofuels,” “bioplastics,” and “circular economy” reflects a strong interest in integrating wastewater treatment with resource recovery and sustainable practices. However, challenges remain in scaling up technologies like bioreactors and adsorption systems while ensuring cost-effectiveness and operational efficiency. For instance, advancements in microbial fuel cells could enable simultaneous wastewater treatment and renewable energy generation, addressing scalability issues. Similarly, the development of enhanced microbial strains for phytoremediation could improve the treatment of persistent pollutants in water and soil. Future research should aim to bridge gaps through interdisciplinary collaboration and explore underrepresented linkages to unlock further innovation. By addressing these challenges and leveraging emerging technologies, Indonesia can strengthen its wastewater treatment capabilities, contributing to environmental protection, resource efficiency, and sustainable development.