零假设显著性检验和p值二分类:Errare Humanum Est。

Q3 Medicine
Edward Mezones-Holguín, Ali Al-Kassab-Córdova, Percy Soto-Becerra, Sonia Hernández-Díaz, Jay S Kaufman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

医疗保健决策是复杂的,需要以最佳科学证据为基础。在这个过程中,从数据的统计分析中得到的信息是至关重要的,这可以从频率论或贝叶斯的角度来发展。在频率域,零假设显著性检验(NHST)及其p值是不同学科中应用最广泛的技术之一。然而,NHST一直受到来自不同学术观点的质疑,这导致它被认为是科学中所谓可复制性危机的原因之一。在这篇综述文章中,我们简要介绍了其发展的历史,总结了其基本方法,描述了一些争议和局限性,解决了误用和误解,并在生物医学研究的背景下给出了一些范围和思考。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The null hypothesis significance test and the dichotomization of the p-value: Errare Humanum Est.

Decision-making in healthcare is complex and needs to be based on the best scientific evidence. In this process, information derived from statistical analysis of data is crucial, which can be developed from either frequentist or Bayesian perspectives. When it comes to the frequentist field, the null hypothesis significance test (NHST) and its p-value is one of the most widely used techniques in different disciplines. However, NHST has been subjected to questioning from different academic points of view, which has led to it being considered as one of the causes of the so-called replicability crisis in science. In this review article, we provide a brief historical account of its development, summarize the underlying methods, describe some controversies and limitations, address misuse and misinterpretation, and finally give some scopes and reflections in the context of biomedical research.

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来源期刊
Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica
Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
57
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: La Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública (RPMESP) es el órgano oficial de difusión científica del Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) del Perú. Es una publicación arbitrada por pares, de periodicidad trimestral, de ámbito y difusión mundial, indizada en MEDLINE/Index Medicos, SCOPUS, EMBASE, SciELO Salud Pública y otras bases de datos internacionales. La RPMESP es distribuida en su versión impresa y electrónica, con acceso gratuito a texto completo. La RPMESP publica artículos referidos a temas del ámbito biomédico y de salud pública, resaltando aportes prácticos, que contribuyan a mejorar la situación de salud del país y de la región. Propicia el intercambio de la experiencia científica en salud entre instituciones y personas dedicadas a la investigación dentro y fuera del Perú a fin de promover el avance y la aplicación de la investigación en salud.
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