Investigating brain activity at rest in patients with persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a rare disease causing high emotional distress eminently impacting the individual's quality of life. Experts in this field assume that the disease is caused by a multifaceted interplay of different etiologies which may share a common neurobiological basis. However, only one functional neuroimaging investigation exist, and a more in-depth comprehension of the neurobiological foundation is required. Therefore, this study aims to provide new insights into how the functional integration of brain regions may relate to PGAD. By using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique, functional connectivity at rest (rs-FC) was compared between patients suffering PGAD (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 26). Patients with PGAD showed different pattern in connectivity within brain structures putatively associated with the psychological and somatic dimensions of the disease including the right amygdala, left anterior cingulate cortex, right insula cortex, thalamic nuclei and prefrontal regions as seeds. The majority of these showed differences in brain connectivity pattern to the precuneus and prefrontal regions. The study offers preliminary insights into the characteristics and relevant neural mechanisms of PGAD. Nevertheless, since this study did not identify any peripheral correlates that would corroborate the interpretation of these findings, they were interpreted from a more theoretical perspective, thereby offering potential areas of focus for future research.