卧床不起和卧床不起:对老年人长期护理和护理的影响:一项范围审查

IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
Bianca Berger, Fabian Graeb, Manfred Baumann, Reinhold Wolke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

越来越多的60岁及以上的老年人将依赖于医疗保健服务,特别是由于身体限制和行动限制的增加。这意味着需要有针对性护理的永久行动不便、往往卧床不起的人的增加。行动障碍的进展是渐进的,导致自主性和自我照顾技能的丧失,身体机能下降,功能恶化,残疾等。这篇综述综合了长期护理老年人卧床不起的影响的研究结果。本综述的目的是探讨长期护理背景下老年人卧床问题的研究现状,并找出研究空白。方法分析来自MEDLINE (PubMed)、CINAHL、LIVIO和Scopus电子数据库的英文和德文同行评议出版物。1998年至2023年的出版物如果涉及“卧床不起”、“成为卧床不起的过程”、“预防”和“卧床不起的后果”以及“卧床不起的人的护理”,则包括在内。采用PRISMA-ScR指南。结果根据确定的纳入标准,我们确定了250篇文献。我们详细地收录了47种疾病,浓缩了它们的内容,并根据发达的类别、卧床及其预防、发展、后果和护理进行了组织,这些都是深入研究的主题。尽管研究人员已经把注意力集中在不动症发展的风险因素及其对患者的负面影响上,但他们很少关注自我决定和床上生活的组织,这使患者能够参与。关于“卧床不起”一词的不同观点表明需要达成共识的定义。结论:我们的综述显示,文章强烈关注卧床不起的过程。许多出版物通过强调(非正式)护理者的观点和他们面临的挑战来审查卧床不起者的护理。在进一步的研究中,应侧重于从卧床病人的角度出发,考虑到卧床的社会心理层面和促进参与的机会。适当的培训理念和护理实践将有所帮助。卧床不起是一种主要影响老年人的现象,特别是那些住在养老院的老年人。应制定反映卧床病人生活现实的概念。有针对性的干预措施以改善严重行动障碍患者的行动能力是很重要的。因此,必须为(非正式)护理人员建立教育模块,将活动和康复实践视为护理的一个组成部分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Becoming Bedridden and Being Bedridden: Implications for Nursing and Care for Older People in Long-Term Care: A Scoping Review

Becoming Bedridden and Being Bedridden: Implications for Nursing and Care for Older People in Long-Term Care: A Scoping Review

Background

An increasing number of individuals aged 60 and older will rely on healthcare services, particularly due to increased physical limitations and mobility restrictions. This implies an increase in permanently immobile, often bedridden people who require targeted care. Mobility impairments progress gradually, leading to loss of autonomy and self-care skills, physical decline, functional deterioration, disability, etc. This review synthesises research findings on the implications of becoming and being bedridden for nursing care of older people in long-term care.

Objectives

The aim of this scoping review was to explore the current state of research on the topic of bedriddenness in older people in the context of long-term care and to identify research gaps.

Methods

We analysed English and German language peer-reviewed publications from the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, LIVIO and Scopus. Publications from 1998 to 2023 were included if they addressed ‘bedriddenness’, the ‘process of becoming bedridden’, ‘prevention’ and the ‘consequences of bedriddenness’, and the ‘care of bedridden people’. The PRISMA-ScR guidelines were used.

Results

We identified 250 publications based on the defined inclusion criteria. We included 47 in detail condensing their content and organising them according to developed categories, bedriddenness and its prevention, development, consequences and care, which were the subject of intensive research. Although researchers have focused on risk factors for the development of immobility and its negative consequences for those affected, they paid little attention to self-determination and the organisation of life in bed, which enables those affected to participate. Different ideas regarding the term ‘bedriddenness’ indicate the need for a consensus definition.

Conclusion

Our review shows that articles strongly focus on the process of becoming bedridden. Many publications examine bedridden people's care by emphasising the perspective of (informal) caregivers and the challenges they face. The perspective of bedridden people, together with the consideration of psychosocial dimensions of bedriddenness and the promotion of opportunities for participation, should be focused on in further research. Appropriate concepts for training and nursing practice would be helpful.

Implications for Practice

Bedriddenness is a phenomenon that mainly affects older people, particularly those living in nursing homes. Concepts should be developed that reflect the reality of bedridden people's lives. Targeted interventions to improve the mobility of people with severe mobility impairments are important. Therefore, it is essential to establish educational modules for (informal) caregivers that consider mobility and rehabilitative practices as an integral part of care.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
9.10%
发文量
77
期刊介绍: International Journal of Older People Nursing welcomes scholarly papers on all aspects of older people nursing including research, practice, education, management, and policy. We publish manuscripts that further scholarly inquiry and improve practice through innovation and creativity in all aspects of gerontological nursing. We encourage submission of integrative and systematic reviews; original quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research; secondary analyses of existing data; historical works; theoretical and conceptual analyses; evidence based practice projects and other practice improvement reports; and policy analyses. All submissions must reflect consideration of IJOPN''s international readership and include explicit perspective on gerontological nursing. We particularly welcome submissions from regions of the world underrepresented in the gerontological nursing literature and from settings and situations not typically addressed in that literature. Editorial perspectives are published in each issue. Editorial perspectives are submitted by invitation only.
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