木材的圆形设计:从两个教育设计/建造项目的角度看潜在的挑战和方法

Rafael Novais Passarelli, Mariapaola Riggio, Nancy Cheng, Peggy Winkels, Elke Knapen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了过渡到循环经济,建筑学校正在将循环设计(DfC)纳入他们的课程。将循环性整合到全尺寸设计/构建原型中可以帮助学生将可持续设计理论与概念的实践和应用联系起来。本文考察了循环设计意图与现实世界障碍之间的差距,重点关注两个教育项目中的木材DfC。第一个项目在比利时,遵循“再利用设计”的方法,使用短长度的再生锯材来创建一个小规模的树冠结构。第二个项目在美国,采用“设计再利用”的方法,使用胶合板开发可重复使用的组件套件。在分析的案例中,DfC的非标准性质需要一个整体的生命周期视角,这在材料采购和质量评估方面提出了挑战,尺寸和条件的显著变化,以及机械性能的不确定性。此外,经常使用较小的再生木材元素增加了连接的数量,需要新颖的解决方案。这些问题使建筑设计、结构计算和许可复杂化,并影响了两种情况下的设计和施工。对发展中国家金融危机成功案例的分析显示了与经验教训的相似之处,确定了共同的障碍并提出了解决办法。将再生木材用于建筑用途需要对运输、储存、分级和再加工进行周密的规划。设计灵活性是关键,以适应尺寸变化和机械降级。在进行重复使用设计时,适当的制造公差和精心设计的连接是确保结构完整性和易于拆卸的关键。增加的教育项目可以建立一个健壮的知识库,导致目前在建筑、工程和建筑行业中缺乏标准化的程序和流线型的DfC实践。本文通过识别障碍、机会和方法来改善教育和培训,旨在建立一个更可持续的建筑环境,从而提高对木材和设计/建造教育中DfC的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Designing for timber circularity: Potential challenges and approaches from the lens of two educational design/build projects

Designing for timber circularity: Potential challenges and approaches from the lens of two educational design/build projects

To transition to a Circular Economy, architecture schools are incorporating Design for Circularity (DfC) into their curricula. Integrating circularity into full-scale Design/Build prototypes helps students connect sustainable design theory with practice and application of concepts. This paper examines the gap between circular design intentions and real-world barriers, focusing on DfC with wood in two educational projects. The first, in Belgium, follows a “design from reuse” approach using short-length reclaimed sawn-timber to create a small-scale canopy structure. The second, in the USA, adopts a “design for reuse” approach, using plywood to develop a reusable kit-of-parts. In the analyzed cases, the non-standard nature of DfC requires a holistic life-cycle perspective, presenting challenges in material sourcing and quality assessment, significant variability in sizes and condition, and uncertainty regarding mechanical properties. Furthermore, utilizing frequently smaller reclaimed timber elements increases the number of connections, requiring original solutions. These issues complicate architectural design, structural calculation, and permitting and influenced the design and construction in both cases. An analysis of successful DfC cases shows parallels with lessons learned, identifying common barriers and suggesting solutions. Using reclaimed wood for structural purposes requires thorough planning for transportation, storage, regrading, and reprocessing. Design flexibility is critical to accommodate dimensional variability and mechanical downgrading. When designing for reuse, adequate fabrication tolerances and well-designed connections are key to ensuring structural integrity and easy disassembly. Increased educational projects can build a robust knowledge base, leading to currently lacking standardized procedures and streamlining DfC practices in architecture, engineering, and construction industries. This paper enhances understanding of DfC with wood and Design/Build education by identifying barriers, opportunities, and methods to improve education and training, aiming for a more sustainable built environment.

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