农药监管同质性和公司进口决策:来自欧盟-瑞士农业食品贸易的证据

IF 3.4 2区 经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY
Dela‐Dem Doe Fiankor, Anirudh Shingal
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引用次数: 0

摘要

食品标准的国别差异往往反映了国家的监管传统,但也会增加相关成本和限制市场准入,从而扰乱贸易。在各国之间统一这些标准应能减少或消除额外的市场准入成本,并促进贸易。然而,尽管有大量证据表明特定国家的公共强制性食品标准对贸易的影响,但对各国监管同质性对贸易的影响却知之甚少。利用欧盟-瑞士贸易关系和农药最大残留限量(MRLs)数据,我们评估了解释标准监管同质性对农业食品进口影响的渠道。通过简化重力模型估算,我们发现瑞士-欧盟在产品-农药对上的MRLs相似性使瑞士从欧盟的产品级进口增加了10%。其中,每家企业每项产品的平均进口额增长7.7%,进口产品品种数量增长1.4%,进口企业数量增长0.6%。监管同质化也使进口量增加了9.4%,进口价格降低了1.6%。考虑到企业的异质性,我们发现对小型企业的贸易影响更为明显。这些发现在公司-产品水平的估计中得到了证实,我们还发现进口促进效应随着监管异质性的增加而增加。我们的研究结果表明,即使相互承认,仍然倾向于符合国内标准的进口产品。就政策影响而言,我们的研究结果表明,监管同质性通过增加产品种类和降低价格来增强粮食安全。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pesticide regulatory homogeneity and firms' import decisions: Evidence from EU‐Swiss agri‐food trade
Country‐specific variations in food standards often reflect national regulatory traditions, but they also disrupt trade by increasing associated costs and limiting market access. Aligning such standards between countries should reduce or eliminate the additional market access costs and enhance trade. Yet, whereas evidence abounds on the trade effects of country‐specific public mandatory food standards, relatively little is known about the trade effects of regulatory homogeneity across countries. Exploiting the EU–Swiss trade relationship and data on maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides, we assess the channels that explain the effects of regulatory homogeneity of standards on agri‐food imports. Estimating a reduced‐form gravity model, we find that similarity in Swiss‐EU MRLs on a product‐pesticide pair increases Swiss product‐level imports from the EU by 10%. This consists of a 7.7% increase in the average import value per product per firm, a 1.4% increase in the number of product varieties imported and a 0.6% increase in the number of importing firms. Regulatory homogeneity also increases import volumes by 9.4% and decreases import prices by 1.6%. Accounting for firm heterogeneity, we find more pronounced trade effects for smaller firms. These findings are confirmed in firm‐product level estimations, where we also find that the import‐enhancing effects increase with increasing regulatory heterogeneity. Our results imply that even with mutual recognition, there remains a preference for imports that align with domestic standards. In terms of policy implications, our findings show that regulatory homogeneity enhances food security by increasing product variety and lowering prices.
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来源期刊
Journal of Agricultural Economics
Journal of Agricultural Economics 管理科学-农业经济与政策
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
2.90%
发文量
48
审稿时长
>24 weeks
期刊介绍: Published on behalf of the Agricultural Economics Society, the Journal of Agricultural Economics is a leading international professional journal, providing a forum for research into agricultural economics and related disciplines such as statistics, marketing, business management, politics, history and sociology, and their application to issues in the agricultural, food, and related industries; rural communities, and the environment. Each issue of the JAE contains articles, notes and book reviews as well as information relating to the Agricultural Economics Society. Published 3 times a year, it is received by members and institutional subscribers in 69 countries. With contributions from leading international scholars, the JAE is a leading citation for agricultural economics and policy. Published articles either deal with new developments in research and methods of analysis, or apply existing methods and techniques to new problems and situations which are of general interest to the Journal’s international readership.
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