掌握视觉搜索:将努力与注意力控制联系起来。

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY
Brian A. Anderson, David S. Lee, Molly R. McKinney, Andrew Clement
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类通常倾向于保存能量,限制体力和脑力的消耗。有选择性地处理知觉信息需要注意力,这是精神生活中无处不在的一部分,但寻找视觉搜索目标的过程需要多少精神上的努力?面对潜在的分散注意力的刺激,需要多少精神上的努力才能集中注意力?从对体力劳动的要求中学习是否就像奖惩一样塑造了对注意力的控制?在本教程回顾中,我们概述了一种探索视觉搜索和注意力控制中涉及的心理努力的新方法。在这种情况下,通过手测功器施加体力,可以改变视觉搜索任务的要求。更具体地说,参与者可以通过施加体力来减少寻找目标所需的假定脑力劳动。当比较不同的搜索条件时,这种方法可以揭示参与者愿意付出体力来达到的条件,以及与这些条件相关的精神努力的含义。我们还介绍了一种互惠的方法,在这种方法中,对体力劳动的要求以及它们与视觉搜索任务的联系是被操纵的,这为研究这些努力要求如何塑造注意力的控制提供了机会。讨论了实施这些新方法的一些实际考虑因素,以及这些方法非常适合的潜在新研究方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Getting a grip on visual search: Relating effort exertion to the control of attention

Humans are generally biased to conserve energy, limiting the exertion of physical and mental effort. The need for attention to selectively process perceptual information is a ubiquitous part of mental life, but how mentally effortful is the process of finding the target of a visual search, and how much mental effort is required to focus attention in the face of potentially distracting stimuli? Does learning from demands on physical effort shape the control of attention, much like rewards and punishments? In this tutorial review, we provide an overview of a novel approach to probing the mental effort involved in visual search and the control of attention more generally. Situations are created in which exerting physical effort, via a hand dynamometer, can modify the demands of a visual search task. More specifically, participants can exert physical effort to reduce the putative mental effort required to find a target. When comparing across search conditions, this approach can reveal the conditions that participants are willing to physically work to achieve, with implications for the mental effort associated with these conditions. We also introduce a reciprocal approach in which demands on physical effort, and their association with the visual search task, are manipulated, providing an opportunity to examine how the control of attention is shaped by these effort demands. Some practical considerations for the implementation of these novel approaches are discussed, as are potential new research directions for which these approaches are well suited.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
17.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics is an official journal of the Psychonomic Society. It spans all areas of research in sensory processes, perception, attention, and psychophysics. Most articles published are reports of experimental work; the journal also presents theoretical, integrative, and evaluative reviews. Commentary on issues of importance to researchers appears in a special section of the journal. Founded in 1966 as Perception & Psychophysics, the journal assumed its present name in 2009.
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