人体短期高重力储存的热力学方面

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI:10.1002/est2.70125
Melis Nur Mutlu, Mustafa Özilgen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

地球的引力(g-force)被称为1G。当飞行员、宇航员和赛车手受到更高重力的影响时,他们的血液会聚集在身体的下半部分,尽管他们的心率会加快,而且他们的心血管系统向大脑和肺部供应的血液会减少。当大脑氧合不足导致意识丧失时,丧失行为能力的飞行员或驾驶员可能会造成造成严重伤害或死亡的事故。飞行员接受高重力训练,以防止重力引起的意识丧失(G-LOC)。在飞机上穿防g服可能有助于减少G-LOC。正常人的最大G-Force容忍度大约是4G,但飞行员带着设备时,G-Force容忍度会增加到9G。在46.2G的实验中,飞行员约翰·斯塔普(John Stapp)勉强保持清醒;他的视网膜被切断了,但一天后他恢复了正常的视力,他证明了姿势和安全预防措施可以帮助人体承受高强度的碰撞力。这项研究促进了汽车安全方面的一些变化。印地赛车是美国顶级的单座赛车系列。安装在赛车上的碰撞记录仪显示,只要安全系统到位,印地赛车车手可以承受超过100G的冲击而不会受到严重伤害。这项研究对高重力对赛车手和飞行员的影响进行了热力学评估,当他们暂时受到高重力的影响,但当他们的任务结束时,他们就会摆脱这种影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Thermodynamic Aspects of Short-Term Storage of High G-Force in the Human Body

The gravitational force (g-force) of the Earth is referred to as 1G. When pilots, astronauts, and race car drivers get under the effect of higher G-forces, their blood accumulates in the lower parts of their bodies, although their heart rates increase, and their cardiovascular systems supply less blood to their brains and lungs. When insufficient oxygenation of the brain causes loss of consciousness, incapacitated pilots or drivers may cause accidents resulting in serious injury or death. Pilots receive high-G training to prevent gravity-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC). Wearing anti-G suits on flights may help to decrease the G-LOC. While the maximum G-Force tolerance of a normal person is approximately 4G, it increases to 9G when a pilot is with equipment. In the experiments at 46.2G, a pilot, John Stapp, managed to barely stay conscious; his retinas were severed, but he got his normal vision back after a day and he showed that position and safety precautions could help the human body withstand high amounts of crash forces. This research helped to develop several safety changes in automobiles. Indycar is America's top single-seater racing series. The crash recorders installed in their cars have shown that as long as safety systems are in place, the Indycar drivers can tolerate impacts over 100G without serious injuries. This study makes a thermodynamic assessment of the effects of the high G-force when the race car drivers and the jet pilots are tentatively subject to it but get out of that effect when their task is over.

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