狩猎和栖息地破坏导致全球森林砍伐热点地区顶级食肉动物功能普遍下降

IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Alfredo Romero-Muñoz, Benjamin Bleyhl, Ana Benítez-López, Micaela Camino, Julieta Decarre, A. Sofía Nanni, Andrew Noss, Anthony J. Giordano, Verónica A. Quiroga, Ricardo Torres, Jeffrey J. Thompson, Laura Villalba, Mauricio M. Nuñez Regueiro, Carlos De Angelo, Tobias Kuemmerle
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的研究大查科地区栖息地破坏和狩猎对顶级食肉动物功能下降的影响,特别是美洲豹和美洲狮。110万平方公里的南美大查科。方法采用空间明确的、基于个体的美洲豹和美洲狮模型,结合栖息地适宜性和狩猎压力的详细信息。我们用文献数据参数化我们的模型,并通过德尔菲专家启发过程校准它们。我们模拟了在假设的、无威胁的基线和不同威胁情景下的种群轨迹。结果在狩猎和栖息地丧失的双重威胁下,美洲虎和美洲狮的数量分别减少了88%和80%,而范围分别缩小了48%和35%。这两个物种在区域内都能生存,特别是由于大面积的保护区,这些保护区作为种群来源,但周围有强大的汇。我们观察到顶部食肉动物协会功能的广泛削弱,在查科67%的地区至少有一个物种灭绝,并且急剧下降(80%;两个物种在61%的历史共现区域内同时发生功能丧失。与栖息地破坏(26%和22%)相比,狩猎是导致种群数量下降的更大原因(分别为88%和77%的美洲豹和美洲狮)。主要结论大型捕食者在生态系统中起着关键的功能作用。我们的研究结果表明,由于栖息地破坏和狩猎的综合影响,这些功能可能在很大范围内丧失,其功能丧失的范围远远超出了物种灭绝的范围。像玻利维亚的Kaa-Iya这样的超大保护区对于维持顶级食肉动物的生存种群至关重要,这凸显了在查科加强保护和连通性以防止进一步营养退化的迫切需要。更一般地说,我们的研究强调了空间细节的价值,机制模型在大尺度上解开生态功能的多种威胁的复杂动态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot

Hunting and Habitat Destruction Drive Widespread Functional Declines of Top Predators in a Global Deforestation Hotspot

Aim

We investigated the effects of habitat destruction and hunting on the functional decline of top predators, specifically jaguar and puma, in the Gran Chaco.

Location

The 1.1 million km2 South American Gran Chaco.

Methods

We used spatially explicit, individual-based models for jaguars and pumas, incorporating detailed information on habitat suitability and hunting pressure. We parameterized our models with literature data and calibrated them through a Delphi expert-elicitation process. We simulated population trajectories under a hypothetical, threat-free, baseline versus different threat scenarios.

Results

Under combined threats of hunting and habitat loss, jaguar and puma populations declined by 88% and 80%, respectively, compared to range contractions of 48% and 35%, respectively. Both species remained regionally viable, particularly due to large protected areas, which acted as population sources but were surrounded by strong sinks. We observed a widespread weakening of the top carnivore guild function, with at least one species extirpated across 67% of the Chaco and strong declines (> 80%; considered here as functional loss) for both species concurrently across 61% of their area of historical co-occurrence. Hunting was a much stronger driver of population declines (88% and 77% for jaguars and pumas, respectively) compared to habitat destruction (26% and 22%).

Main Conclusions

Large predators play key functional roles in ecosystems. Our findings reveal that these functions can be lost over vast areas due to the combined effects of habitat destruction and hunting, with functional loss extending far beyond the areas of species' extirpation. Very large protected areas, like Kaa-Iya in Bolivia, are crucial for maintaining viable populations of top predators, highlighting the pressing need for increased protection and connectivity in the Chaco to prevent further trophic downgrading. More generally, our research underscores the value of spatially detailed, mechanistic models for disentangling the complex dynamics of multiple threats on ecological functioning at broad scales.

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来源期刊
Diversity and Distributions
Diversity and Distributions 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
4.30%
发文量
195
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Diversity and Distributions is a journal of conservation biogeography. We publish papers that deal with the application of biogeographical principles, theories, and analyses (being those concerned with the distributional dynamics of taxa and assemblages) to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity. We no longer consider papers the sole aim of which is to describe or analyze patterns of biodiversity or to elucidate processes that generate biodiversity.
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