{"title":"过渡金属羟基锡酸（MSn(OH)6，M = Fe、Co、Mn）对环氧树脂的阻燃和抑烟作用","authors":"Xianghe Hui, Dong Fang, Guifang Wang, Feng Ran, Xin Zhang, Zewei Fu, Olim Ruzimuradov","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06223-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perovskite hydroxystannate (MSn(OH)<sub>6</sub>) has garnered considerable interest in recent years as a novel flame retardant characterized by its low toxicity and environmentally benign properties. In order to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resin (EP) matrices, transition metal hydroxystannate (MSn(OH)<sub>6</sub>, M = Fe, Co, Mn) was prepared by a ultrasonic-coprecipitation method and used as flame retardants. The synthesized composites were assessed for their flame retardant characteristics and mechanical properties through the measurement of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the cone calorimetry test (CCT), and universal tensile testing. Upon the incorporation of 10 wt% of the MSn(OH)<sub>6</sub> flame retardants, the flame retardant of EP composites exhibited marked enhancement, especially manganese hydroxystannate (MHS). Compared with pure EP, the EP/MHS-10 composite demonstrated the best performance, reducing the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP) by 60.0%, 14.4%, and 32.6%, respectively. During the process of combustion, the decomposition of MSn(OH)<sub>6</sub> results in the generation of non-flammable gases and water vapor. In the condensed phase, tin (Sn) and transition metals contribute to the formation of a more protective char residue. The residue serves as a physical barrier, effectively isolating the underlying epoxy (EP) matrix material from heat and oxygen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The flame retardant and smoke suppressant effect of transition metal hydroxystannate (MSn(OH)6, M = Fe, Co, Mn) for epoxy resin\",\"authors\":\"Xianghe Hui, Dong Fang, Guifang Wang, Feng Ran, Xin Zhang, Zewei Fu, Olim Ruzimuradov\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11051-025-06223-3\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Perovskite hydroxystannate (MSn(OH)<sub>6</sub>) has garnered considerable interest in recent years as a novel flame retardant characterized by its low toxicity and environmentally benign properties. In order to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resin (EP) matrices, transition metal hydroxystannate (MSn(OH)<sub>6</sub>, M = Fe, Co, Mn) was prepared by a ultrasonic-coprecipitation method and used as flame retardants. The synthesized composites were assessed for their flame retardant characteristics and mechanical properties through the measurement of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the cone calorimetry test (CCT), and universal tensile testing. Upon the incorporation of 10 wt% of the MSn(OH)<sub>6</sub> flame retardants, the flame retardant of EP composites exhibited marked enhancement, especially manganese hydroxystannate (MHS). Compared with pure EP, the EP/MHS-10 composite demonstrated the best performance, reducing the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP) by 60.0%, 14.4%, and 32.6%, respectively. During the process of combustion, the decomposition of MSn(OH)<sub>6</sub> results in the generation of non-flammable gases and water vapor. In the condensed phase, tin (Sn) and transition metals contribute to the formation of a more protective char residue. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
钙钛矿羟基锡酸盐（MSn(OH)6）作为一种新型阻燃剂，由于其低毒和环保的特点，近年来引起了人们的广泛关注。为了提高环氧树脂（EP）基体的阻燃抑烟性能，采用超声共沉淀法制备过渡金属羟基锡酸盐（MSn(OH)6, M = Fe, Co, Mn）作为阻燃剂。通过极限氧指数（LOI）、锥形量热法（CCT）和通用拉伸试验对合成的复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能进行了评价。当添加10%的MSn(OH)6阻燃剂时，EP复合材料的阻燃性能明显增强，尤其是羟基锡酸锰（MHS）。与纯EP相比，EP/MHS-10复合材料的热释放率（pHRR）峰值、总放热量（THR）峰值和总产烟量（TSP）峰值分别降低60.0%、14.4%和32.6%，表现出最好的性能。在燃烧过程中，MSn(OH)6的分解产生不可燃气体和水蒸气。在缩合相中，锡（Sn）和过渡金属有助于形成更具保护性的炭渣。残留物充当物理屏障，有效地将底层环氧树脂（EP）基质材料与热量和氧气隔离开来。
The flame retardant and smoke suppressant effect of transition metal hydroxystannate (MSn(OH)6, M = Fe, Co, Mn) for epoxy resin
Perovskite hydroxystannate (MSn(OH)6) has garnered considerable interest in recent years as a novel flame retardant characterized by its low toxicity and environmentally benign properties. In order to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resin (EP) matrices, transition metal hydroxystannate (MSn(OH)6, M = Fe, Co, Mn) was prepared by a ultrasonic-coprecipitation method and used as flame retardants. The synthesized composites were assessed for their flame retardant characteristics and mechanical properties through the measurement of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the cone calorimetry test (CCT), and universal tensile testing. Upon the incorporation of 10 wt% of the MSn(OH)6 flame retardants, the flame retardant of EP composites exhibited marked enhancement, especially manganese hydroxystannate (MHS). Compared with pure EP, the EP/MHS-10 composite demonstrated the best performance, reducing the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP) by 60.0%, 14.4%, and 32.6%, respectively. During the process of combustion, the decomposition of MSn(OH)6 results in the generation of non-flammable gases and water vapor. In the condensed phase, tin (Sn) and transition metals contribute to the formation of a more protective char residue. The residue serves as a physical barrier, effectively isolating the underlying epoxy (EP) matrix material from heat and oxygen.
期刊介绍：
The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size.
Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology.
The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.
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