Esther K. Muema, Melandré van Lill, Stephanus N. Venter, Wai Yin Chan, Ricu Claassens, Emma T. Steenkamp
{"title":"盐渍中生菌属(Mesorhizobium salmacidum sp.nov.)和阿根廷中生菌属(Mesorhizobium argentiipisi sp.nov.)是旱地牧草豆科植物Lessertia diffusa和Calobota sericea的共生菌","authors":"Esther K. Muema, Melandré van Lill, Stephanus N. Venter, Wai Yin Chan, Ricu Claassens, Emma T. Steenkamp","doi":"10.1007/s10482-025-02063-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Legumes <i>Lessertia diffusa</i> and <i>Calobota sericea</i>, indigenous to South Africa, are commonly used as fodder crops with potential for sustainable livestock pasture production. Rhizobia were isolated from their root nodules grown in their respective soils from the Succulent Karoo biome (SKB) in South Africa, identified and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed all isolates as <i>Mesorhizobium</i> members, which were categorized into two distinct lineages using five housekeeping protein-coding genes. Lineage I included 14 strains from both legumes, while Lineage II comprised a single isolate from <i>C. sericea</i>. Differences in phenotypic traits were observed between the lineages and corroborated by average nucleotide identity analyses. While all strains nodulated their original hosts, strains from <i>C. sericea</i> failed to effectively nodulate <i>L. diffusa</i> and vice versa. Phylogenetic analyses of nitrogen fixation (<i>nifH</i>) and nodulation (<i>nodA</i>, <i>nodC</i>) loci grouped all strains in a single clade, suggesting that unique symbiotic loci determine nodulation of these legumes. We designated Lineage I and II as <i>Mesorhizobium salmacidum</i> sp. nov. (Ld1326<sup>Ts</sup>; GCA_037179605.1<sup>Ts</sup>) and <i>Mesorhizobium argentiipisi</i> sp. nov. (Cs1330R2N1<sup>Ts</sup>; GCA_037179585.1<sup>Ts</sup>), using genome sequences as nomenclatural types according to the Nomenclatural Code for Prokaryotes using Sequence Data, thus avoiding complications with South Africa's biodiversity regulations. Identifying effective microsymbionts of <i>L. diffusa</i> and <i>C. sericea</i> is essential for conservation of Succulent Karoo Biome, where indigenous invasive species like <i>Vachellia karroo</i> and non-native Australian acacia species are present. Furthermore, targeted management practices using effective symbionts of the studied legumes can sustain the biome's socio-economic contribution through fodder provision.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50746,"journal":{"name":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology","volume":"118 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10482-025-02063-2.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Mesorhizobium salmacidum sp. nov. and Mesorhizobium argentiipisi sp. nov. are symbionts of the dry-land forage legumes Lessertia diffusa and Calobota sericea\",\"authors\":\"Esther K. Muema, Melandré van Lill, Stephanus N. Venter, Wai Yin Chan, Ricu Claassens, Emma T. Steenkamp\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10482-025-02063-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Legumes <i>Lessertia diffusa</i> and <i>Calobota sericea</i>, indigenous to South Africa, are commonly used as fodder crops with potential for sustainable livestock pasture production. Rhizobia were isolated from their root nodules grown in their respective soils from the Succulent Karoo biome (SKB) in South Africa, identified and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed all isolates as <i>Mesorhizobium</i> members, which were categorized into two distinct lineages using five housekeeping protein-coding genes. Lineage I included 14 strains from both legumes, while Lineage II comprised a single isolate from <i>C. sericea</i>. Differences in phenotypic traits were observed between the lineages and corroborated by average nucleotide identity analyses. While all strains nodulated their original hosts, strains from <i>C. sericea</i> failed to effectively nodulate <i>L. diffusa</i> and vice versa. Phylogenetic analyses of nitrogen fixation (<i>nifH</i>) and nodulation (<i>nodA</i>, <i>nodC</i>) loci grouped all strains in a single clade, suggesting that unique symbiotic loci determine nodulation of these legumes. We designated Lineage I and II as <i>Mesorhizobium salmacidum</i> sp. nov. (Ld1326<sup>Ts</sup>; GCA_037179605.1<sup>Ts</sup>) and <i>Mesorhizobium argentiipisi</i> sp. nov. (Cs1330R2N1<sup>Ts</sup>; GCA_037179585.1<sup>Ts</sup>), using genome sequences as nomenclatural types according to the Nomenclatural Code for Prokaryotes using Sequence Data, thus avoiding complications with South Africa's biodiversity regulations. Identifying effective microsymbionts of <i>L. diffusa</i> and <i>C. sericea</i> is essential for conservation of Succulent Karoo Biome, where indigenous invasive species like <i>Vachellia karroo</i> and non-native Australian acacia species are present. 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Mesorhizobium salmacidum sp. nov. and Mesorhizobium argentiipisi sp. nov. are symbionts of the dry-land forage legumes Lessertia diffusa and Calobota sericea
Legumes Lessertia diffusa and Calobota sericea, indigenous to South Africa, are commonly used as fodder crops with potential for sustainable livestock pasture production. Rhizobia were isolated from their root nodules grown in their respective soils from the Succulent Karoo biome (SKB) in South Africa, identified and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed all isolates as Mesorhizobium members, which were categorized into two distinct lineages using five housekeeping protein-coding genes. Lineage I included 14 strains from both legumes, while Lineage II comprised a single isolate from C. sericea. Differences in phenotypic traits were observed between the lineages and corroborated by average nucleotide identity analyses. While all strains nodulated their original hosts, strains from C. sericea failed to effectively nodulate L. diffusa and vice versa. Phylogenetic analyses of nitrogen fixation (nifH) and nodulation (nodA, nodC) loci grouped all strains in a single clade, suggesting that unique symbiotic loci determine nodulation of these legumes. We designated Lineage I and II as Mesorhizobium salmacidum sp. nov. (Ld1326Ts; GCA_037179605.1Ts) and Mesorhizobium argentiipisi sp. nov. (Cs1330R2N1Ts; GCA_037179585.1Ts), using genome sequences as nomenclatural types according to the Nomenclatural Code for Prokaryotes using Sequence Data, thus avoiding complications with South Africa's biodiversity regulations. Identifying effective microsymbionts of L. diffusa and C. sericea is essential for conservation of Succulent Karoo Biome, where indigenous invasive species like Vachellia karroo and non-native Australian acacia species are present. Furthermore, targeted management practices using effective symbionts of the studied legumes can sustain the biome's socio-economic contribution through fodder provision.
期刊介绍:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek publishes papers on fundamental and applied aspects of microbiology. Topics of particular interest include: taxonomy, structure & development; biochemistry & molecular biology; physiology & metabolic studies; genetics; ecological studies; especially molecular ecology; marine microbiology; medical microbiology; molecular biological aspects of microbial pathogenesis and bioinformatics.