Impact of humidity variations at different distances from the lake surface on rhizosphere microbiota of Trifolium repens L

Soil at varying distances from the lake surface, which has different moisture levels, affects rhizosphere microorganisms. Yet the microbial conditions of Trifolium repens L. at various distances from lakes are poorly understood. Investigating microbial composition and abundance at different moisture aids in lakefront ecosystem management. Using high-throughput sequencing, we examined the soil multifunctionality of T. repens, across lake distances. The results show soil moisture differentially impacts plant phenotype, bacterial and fungal diversity, structure, and function. Places remote from the lake, which have low soil moisture levels, exhibit varying biomass, the highest alpha diversity, and complex bacterial structures. These differences in microbial structure and function partially influence soil multifunctionality, ultimately leading to varying biomass of T. repens at various distances from the lake. Notably, the fungi display the broadest diversity of phyla, with Basidiomycota play pivotal role in the growth of T. repens. These findings highlight the critical role of distances from the lake surface in shaping rhizosphere microbial diversity and function, with implications for plant growth and ecosystem management in lakefront environments.