Optimisation of flow configuration for PVT system assisted by MgO nanoparticles PCM cooling

To improve the global environment, it is essential to address the significant concerns raised by the rising energy demand. Thermal photovoltaic (PVT) systems enjoy widespread popularity. These systems convert solar energy into electrical/thermal energy; however, elevated temperatures cause problems. Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles and lauric acid (LA) phase change material (PCM) were utilized. The two were combined and filled into a container. The container's distinctive design incorporates a fully organized micro-channel structure as well as eight integrated water tubes. The system works by first absorbing waste heat from the PV module and then directing it into the water tubes for further utilization. The study also examined the effects of water tube configurations, using three different types: a U-tube, a half-serpentine flow, and a serpentine flow. These configurations affected the absorption of heat from the PV panel, which improved both the power generation and the overall efficiency of the PVT system. Furthermore, the investigation tested the PVT system's water inlet using dimensionless water flow (Reynolds numbers, Re) levels ranging from 1100 to 7700. The findings indicate that every level of Re increases electrical efficiency, with the U-tube configuration approach producing the maximum value. In addition, when it comes to thermal efficiency, serpentine flow configurations yield the highest improvement. The most optimal tube arrangement is a serpentine configuration at Re = 5500, which reduces the PV surface temperature by 3.14 °C while achieving the highest overall efficiency of 80.63 %.