知觉异常的认知模型：来源监测、自上而下影响和抑制过程在精神分裂症谱系障碍和一般人群幻觉样经历中的作用

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Comprehensive psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152583

Adrianna Aleksandrowicz , Joachim Kowalski , Steffen Moritz , Izabela Stefaniak , Łukasz Gawęda

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引用次数: 0

摘要

认知模型强调来源监控、自上而下的过程和抑制控制是感知异常的机制，特别是幻听（AHs）和幻觉样体验（HLEs）。然而，有限的研究整合了临床和非临床的感知异常，以检查这些认知机制及其之间的联系。本研究旨在探讨三种认知过程在知觉异常连续体中的作用。此外，该研究还探讨了知觉异常、认知过程、自我干扰和一般功能之间的关系。方法89例精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD）患者根据AHs的存在分为两组（AHs组46例，非幻觉组43例），匹配健康对照（HC） 43例，从高HLEs组和低HLEs组中分别抽取40例和43例进行自上而下过程（错误感知任务- FPT）、源监测（行动记忆任务- AMT）和抑制控制（Go/No-Go任务）三个实验任务。结果两组患者都比HC组有更多的源监测错误和更多的错误感知（在考虑反应偏差后），有AH的SSD与没有AH的SSD以及高HLEs与低HLEs之间没有差异。在Go/No-Go任务中，没有发现明显的组间差异。然而，在整个样本中，感知异常与所有认知过程以及自我干扰和功能之间存在显著的关系。结论本研究进一步揭示了临床和非临床人群感知异常的机制和相关因素。

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A cognitive model of perceptual anomalies: The role of source monitoring, top-down influence and inhibitory processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory-like experiences in the general population

Background

Cognitive models emphasise that source monitoring, top-down processes, and inhibitory control are mechanisms of perceptual anomalies, particularly auditory hallucinations (AHs) and hallucinatory-like experiences (HLEs). Nonetheless, limited research integrates clinical and non-clinical perceptual anomalies to examine these cognitive mechanisms and the connections between them. The present study aimed to investigate the role of three cognitive processes within the perceptual anomalies continuum. Moreover, the study examines the relationship between perceptual anomalies, cognitive processes, self-disturbances, and general functioning.

Methods

Eighty-nine patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) were divided into two groups based on AHs presence - 46 with AHs and 43 - non-hallucinating, 43 matched healthy controls (HC), and a sample selected from the general population of 40 participants with high HLEs and 43 with low HLEs performed three experimental tasks assessing top-down processes (False Perception Task - FPT), source monitoring (Action Memory Task - AMT), and inhibitory control (Go/No-Go Task).

Results

Both patient groups committed significantly more source monitoring errors and more false perceptions (after accounting for response bias) than HC, with no differences between SSD with AH vs SSD without current AH and high HLEs vs low HLEs. No significant group differences were found for false alarms in the Go/No-Go Task. However, there was a significant relationship between perceptual anomalies and all the cognitive processes as well as self-disturbances and functioning in the entire sample.

Conclusions

This study sheds further light on the mechanisms and correlates of perceptual anomalies in clinical and non-clinical populations.

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来源期刊

Comprehensive psychiatry 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

12.50

自引率

1.40%

发文量

审稿时长

29 days

期刊介绍： "Comprehensive Psychiatry" is an open access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the field of psychiatry and mental health. Its primary mission is to share the latest advancements in knowledge to enhance patient care and deepen the understanding of mental illnesses. The journal is supported by a diverse team of international editors and peer reviewers, ensuring the publication of high-quality research with a strong focus on clinical relevance and the implications for psychopathology. "Comprehensive Psychiatry" encourages authors to present their research in an accessible manner, facilitating engagement with clinicians, policymakers, and the broader public. By embracing an open access policy, the journal aims to maximize the global impact of its content, making it readily available to a wide audience and fostering scientific collaboration and public awareness beyond the traditional academic community. This approach is designed to promote a more inclusive and informed dialogue on mental health, contributing to the overall progress in the field.