Applications of Casson tetra hybrid nanofluid in industrial cooling systems: An investigation of radiative flow and Stephan blowing impacts

The present work describes the Dufour and Soret effects on radiative flow of Casson tetra hybrid nanofluid over sheet with Stephan blowing, nanoparticles, and porous medium. A tetra hybrid nanofluid is utilized, which comprises fluid sodium alginate and nanoparticles of iron oxide $\left(F{e}_3{O}_4\right)$, copper $\left(Cu\right)\text{,}$ titanium oxide $\left(\text{Ti}{O}_{2,}\right)$ and cobalt ferrite $\left(CoF{e}_2{O}_4\right)$. This model is crucial for determining how to improve the thermal performance of these nanofluids, which are used in high-efficiency cooling systems, electronic cooling technologies, and heat exchangers. Although the Soret-Dufour effects help us better understand the relationship between diffusion and temperature in these complex fluids, the incorporation of Stephan blowing mechanisms facilitates accurate modeling of mass transfer and phase change phenomena. Equations of ordinary differential are converted from the partial differential equations. The updated equations are resolved using both the Bvp4c method and the shooting strategy. As the Stefan blowing parameter rises, the velocity profile and the rates of mass and heat transfer rise, but the concentration and temperature profiles fall.