Análisis de características demográficas, de salud y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en mujeres embarazadas. Cuestionario MEDAS

Objective

To identify differences in adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to evaluate the influence of sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics associated with the presentation of pathologies during pregnancy.

Material and methods

Nested case-control study carried out at the Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe of Valencia with women admitted to the obstetrics ward who had given birth between 10/06/2024 and 25/07/2024. The instruments used included sociodemographic and lifestyle questionnaires, the MEDAS questionnaire and the electronic medical record.

Results

101 women with a mean age of 32 years participated. Adherence to the MEDAS questionnaire was good in 81.2%, medium in 12.9% and low in 5.9%. Women with good adherence had a higher mean age, a predominance of European origin, a lower BMI at the end of pregnancy, a higher educational level, and a higher intake of folic acid and iron supplements. Regarding pregnancy and delivery characteristics, the presence of glucose problems was more common in women with other pathology, but the biochemical parameters analyzed did not show a robust association with the presence of pathology during pregnancy. Finally, the characteristics of the newborn showed no significant differences between groups.

Conclusions

The implementation of nutritional strategies aimed at increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet could have a positive impact on the health of pregnant women, especially in relation to the consumption of essential supplements.