“老年人对跌倒风险的低估:需要专业评估来识别家庭危险”

E.Y Ishigaki , A.S Passos , L.E.G Leme
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引用次数: 0

摘要

跌倒是老年人的一个重大公共卫生问题,经常造成严重伤害和生活质量下降。大约30 - 50%的跌倒与环境因素有关,其中60%发生在家中。目的本研究旨在分析巴西老年人对家庭环境中跌倒风险的准确感知程度,强调自我感知与实际危险之间的潜在差距。方法采用家庭安全自我评估工具(HSSAT)对90名老年人进行家访评估,这是一种适用于巴西环境的美国工具。HSSAT是一个涵盖9个家庭领域的67项自我评估工具,由训练有素的研究人员管理。通过老年人的自我评估和医疗保健专业人员的评估来收集数据,以分析感知差异。对30名参与者进行了测试-再测试分析。结果结果显示,老年人平均识别5.1个危险因素,而医疗保健专业人员平均识别12.6个,表明两组之间的一致性较低至中等。在自我评估中,风险最高的区域是浴室(25.6%)和厨房(20.2%),而专业人士发现了额外的风险,尤其是卧室(15.5%)和厨房(13.4%)。在重测分析中,只有9个项目表现出良好的一致性。尽管如此,第二次评估显示出更高的分数,这表明由于初次评估的潜在教育效果,风险认知有所提高。结论老年人明显低估了跌倒风险,这加大了医疗保健专业人员准确评估环境危害的必要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
‘Underestimation of fall risks by older adults: The need for professional evaluation to identify home hazards’
Falls are a significant public health issue among older adults, often resulting in serious injuries and decreased quality of life. Approximately 30–50 % of falls are related to environmental factors, with 60 % occurring within the home.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the extent to which Brazilian older adults accurately perceive fall risks in their home environment, emphasizing the potential gap between self-perception and actual hazards.

Methods

90 older adults were assessed through home visits using the Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool (HSSAT), an American instrument adapted for the Brazilian context. The HSSAT, a 67-item self-assessment tool covering nine household areas, was administered by trained researchers. Data were collected through both self-assessment by the older adults and assessments by healthcare professionals to analyze perception discrepancies. A test-retest analysis was also conducted with 30 participants.

Results

Results showed that older adults identified an average of 5.1 risk factors, whereas healthcare professionals identified 12.6 on average, indicating low to moderate agreement between the two groups. The highest risk areas were the bathroom (25.6 %) and kitchen (20.2 %) in the self-assessment, while professionals found additional risks, especially in the bedroom (15.5 %) and kitchen (13.4 %). In the test-retest analysis, only nine items showed good agreement. Still, the second assessment revealed higher scores, suggesting improved risk perception due to a potential educational effect of the initial evaluation.

Conclusion

These findings reveal that older adults significantly underestimate fall risks, amplifying the critical need for healthcare professionals to assess environmental hazards accurately.
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