信息热力学第二定律的普遍有效性

IF 6.6 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED
Shintaro Minagawa, M. Hamed Mohammady, Kenta Sakai, Kohtaro Kato, Francesco Buscemi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在反馈和擦除协议之后的绝热测量通常被认为是体现麦克斯韦妖悖论和研究热力学与信息处理之间相互作用的模型。这样的研究得出了一个结论,现在被社会广泛接受,麦克斯韦妖和热力学第二定律可以和平共存,因为恶魔提供的任何增益都必须被执行测量和将恶魔的记忆重置到初始状态的成本所抵消。这种陈述被统称为信息热力学第二定律,最近被扩展到包括量子理论场景。然而,在这个方向上的先前研究已经做了几个假设,特别是关于反馈过程和恶魔的记忆读出,因此得出的结论并不普遍适用,其效度范围也不明确。在这项工作中,我们通过精确地描述与热力学第二定律总体一致的量子反馈控制和擦除协议的全部范围来填补这一空白。这使我们得出结论,信息热力学第二定律确实是普遍的:它必须适用于任何量子反馈控制和擦除协议,无论涉及的测量过程如何,只要协议总体上与热力学兼容。我们的综合分析不仅涵盖了新的场景,而且还检索了以前的场景,这样做的假设更少。这种简化有助于更清楚地理解理论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Universal validity of the second law of information thermodynamics

Universal validity of the second law of information thermodynamics

Adiabatic measurements, followed by feedback and erasure protocols, have often been considered as a model to embody Maxwell’s Demon paradox and to study the interplay between thermodynamics and information processing. Such studies have led to the conclusion, now widely accepted in the community, that Maxwell’s Demon and the second law of thermodynamics can peacefully coexist because any gain provided by the demon must be offset by the cost of performing the measurement and resetting the demon’s memory to its initial state. Statements of this kind are collectively referred to as second laws of information thermodynamics and have recently been extended to include quantum theoretical scenarios. However, previous studies in this direction have made several assumptions, particularly about the feedback process and the demon’s memory readout, and thus arrived at statements that are not universally applicable and whose range of validity is not clear. In this work, we fill this gap by precisely characterizing the full range of quantum feedback control and erasure protocols that are overall consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. This leads us to conclude that the second law of information thermodynamics is indeed universal: it must hold for any quantum feedback control and erasure protocol, regardless of the measurement process involved, as long as the protocol is overall compatible with thermodynamics. Our comprehensive analysis not only encompasses new scenarios but also retrieves previous ones, doing so with fewer assumptions. This simplification contributes to a clearer understanding of the theory.

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来源期刊
npj Quantum Information
npj Quantum Information Computer Science-Computer Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
13.70
自引率
3.90%
发文量
130
审稿时长
29 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of npj Quantum Information spans across all relevant disciplines, fields, approaches and levels and so considers outstanding work ranging from fundamental research to applications and technologies.
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