Chao Du, Xinyu Ni, Mengjiao Yan, Qinghan Meng, Junying He
{"title":"生理和转录组分析揭示了裸子对干旱胁迫的响应机制。","authors":"Chao Du, Xinyu Ni, Mengjiao Yan, Qinghan Meng, Junying He","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-06185-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim. (G. przewalskii) is an endangered xerophytic shrub that plays a crucial role as a source of forage in the Alxa Desert. However, there is limited understanding regarding the forage quality of G. przewalskii and its response to drought. This study aimed to evaluate the forage quality of G. przewalskii and investigate the physiological and transcriptomic changes in G. przewalskii response to drought stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ash, fat, crude protein, lignin, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber contents in G. przewalskii twigs were 10.61%, 1.85%, 5.68%, 7.08%, 21.23%, 42.16%, and 58.42%, respectively. In contrast, these ingredients in its leaves were 20.39%, 0.92%, 11.96%, 2.40%, 17.51%, 14.29% and 20.26%, respectively. Osmotic stress led to a reduction in chlorophyll levels and an increase in malondialdehyde content. Levels of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals remained relatively stable under osmotic stress. The proline content, SOD and CAT activities, and ·OH scavenging capacity were enhanced in G. przewalskii under osmotic stress. RNA-sequencing of G. przewalskii generated 44.51 Gb clean reads, which were assembled into 102,191 Unigenes and 30,809 Unigenes were successfully annotated. Comparative analysis identified 3,015 differentially expressed genes under osmotic stress. There were 2,134 and 1,739 DEGs enriched in 47 GO secondary categories and 129 KEGG pathways, respectively. 2 up-regulated DEGs were annotated to P5CS, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proline. 32 DEGs were annotated to various antioxidases and antioxidants. 81 DEGs were annotated to 8 plant hormone signaling pathways, in which the auxin and ABA signaling pathways exhibited dominant enrichment. 150 DEGs were annotated to 35 transcription factor families with the abundant enrichment of TF families containing WRKY, bZIP, ERF, bHLH, MYB, and NAC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High forage quality and drought stress tolerance were observed in G. przewalskii. In response to drought stress, G. przewalskii orchestrates reactive oxygen species scavenging, proline biosynthesis, and other intricate physiological processes, with substantial contributions from plant hormones and transcription factors. This study provides new insights into the forage quality and the mechanisms involved in drought adaptation of G. przewalskii, offering a foundation for its conservation and sustainable utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800636/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of Gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stress.\",\"authors\":\"Chao Du, Xinyu Ni, Mengjiao Yan, Qinghan Meng, Junying He\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12870-025-06185-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim. (G. przewalskii) is an endangered xerophytic shrub that plays a crucial role as a source of forage in the Alxa Desert. However, there is limited understanding regarding the forage quality of G. przewalskii and its response to drought. This study aimed to evaluate the forage quality of G. przewalskii and investigate the physiological and transcriptomic changes in G. przewalskii response to drought stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ash, fat, crude protein, lignin, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber contents in G. przewalskii twigs were 10.61%, 1.85%, 5.68%, 7.08%, 21.23%, 42.16%, and 58.42%, respectively. In contrast, these ingredients in its leaves were 20.39%, 0.92%, 11.96%, 2.40%, 17.51%, 14.29% and 20.26%, respectively. Osmotic stress led to a reduction in chlorophyll levels and an increase in malondialdehyde content. Levels of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals remained relatively stable under osmotic stress. The proline content, SOD and CAT activities, and ·OH scavenging capacity were enhanced in G. przewalskii under osmotic stress. RNA-sequencing of G. przewalskii generated 44.51 Gb clean reads, which were assembled into 102,191 Unigenes and 30,809 Unigenes were successfully annotated. Comparative analysis identified 3,015 differentially expressed genes under osmotic stress. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim。普氏灌木(g.p rezewalskii)是阿拉善沙漠一种濒危的旱生灌木,是阿拉善沙漠重要的牧草来源。然而,人们对普氏草原牧草品质及其对干旱的响应了解有限。本研究旨在评价青稞饲草品质,探讨青稞在干旱胁迫下的生理和转录组学变化。结果:白桦细枝的灰分、脂肪、粗蛋白质、木质素、粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量分别为10.61%、1.85%、5.68%、7.08%、21.23%、42.16%和58.42%。相比之下,其叶片中这些成分的含量分别为20.39%、0.92%、11.96%、2.40%、17.51%、14.29%和20.26%。渗透胁迫导致叶绿素水平降低,丙二醛含量增加。过氧化氢和氧自由基水平在渗透胁迫下保持相对稳定。渗透胁迫增强了普氏金鸡的脯氨酸含量、SOD和CAT活性以及清除·OH的能力。przewalskii的rna测序产生了44.51 Gb的clean reads,这些clean reads组装成102,191个Unigenes,成功注释了30,809个Unigenes。对比分析鉴定出3015个在渗透胁迫下差异表达的基因。在47个GO二级分类和129个KEGG通路中分别富集了2134个和1739个deg。2个上调的DEGs被注释为脯氨酸生物合成的关键酶P5CS。32个deg对各种抗氧化酶和抗氧化剂进行了注释。81个deg被注释到8条植物激素信号通路上,其中生长素和ABA信号通路表现出优势富集。150℃被标注为35个转录因子家族,其中丰富的TF家族包含WRKY、bZIP、ERF、bHLH、MYB和NAC。结论:普氏草原牧草品质优良,耐旱性好。在干旱胁迫下,przewalskii协调了活性氧清除、脯氨酸生物合成和其他复杂的生理过程,这在植物激素和转录因子的作用下发挥了重要作用。本研究为了解普氏草原牧草品质及其干旱适应机制提供了新的认识,为普氏草原牧草的保护和可持续利用提供了依据。
Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of Gymnocarpos przewalskii response to drought stress.
Background: Gymnocarpos przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim. (G. przewalskii) is an endangered xerophytic shrub that plays a crucial role as a source of forage in the Alxa Desert. However, there is limited understanding regarding the forage quality of G. przewalskii and its response to drought. This study aimed to evaluate the forage quality of G. przewalskii and investigate the physiological and transcriptomic changes in G. przewalskii response to drought stress.
Results: The ash, fat, crude protein, lignin, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber contents in G. przewalskii twigs were 10.61%, 1.85%, 5.68%, 7.08%, 21.23%, 42.16%, and 58.42%, respectively. In contrast, these ingredients in its leaves were 20.39%, 0.92%, 11.96%, 2.40%, 17.51%, 14.29% and 20.26%, respectively. Osmotic stress led to a reduction in chlorophyll levels and an increase in malondialdehyde content. Levels of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals remained relatively stable under osmotic stress. The proline content, SOD and CAT activities, and ·OH scavenging capacity were enhanced in G. przewalskii under osmotic stress. RNA-sequencing of G. przewalskii generated 44.51 Gb clean reads, which were assembled into 102,191 Unigenes and 30,809 Unigenes were successfully annotated. Comparative analysis identified 3,015 differentially expressed genes under osmotic stress. There were 2,134 and 1,739 DEGs enriched in 47 GO secondary categories and 129 KEGG pathways, respectively. 2 up-regulated DEGs were annotated to P5CS, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proline. 32 DEGs were annotated to various antioxidases and antioxidants. 81 DEGs were annotated to 8 plant hormone signaling pathways, in which the auxin and ABA signaling pathways exhibited dominant enrichment. 150 DEGs were annotated to 35 transcription factor families with the abundant enrichment of TF families containing WRKY, bZIP, ERF, bHLH, MYB, and NAC.
Conclusions: High forage quality and drought stress tolerance were observed in G. przewalskii. In response to drought stress, G. przewalskii orchestrates reactive oxygen species scavenging, proline biosynthesis, and other intricate physiological processes, with substantial contributions from plant hormones and transcription factors. This study provides new insights into the forage quality and the mechanisms involved in drought adaptation of G. przewalskii, offering a foundation for its conservation and sustainable utilization.
期刊介绍:
BMC Plant Biology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of plant biology, including molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and whole organism research.