Multi-omics graph convolutional networks for digestive system tumour classification and early-late stage diagnosis

The prevalence of digestive system tumours (DST) poses a significant challenge in the global crusade against cancer. These neoplasms constitute 20% of all documented cancer diagnoses and contribute to 22.5% of cancer-related fatalities. The accurate diagnosis of DST is paramount for vigilant patient monitoring and the judicious selection of optimal treatments. Addressing this challenge, the authors introduce a novel methodology, denominated as the Multi-omics Graph Transformer Convolutional Network (MGTCN). This innovative approach aims to discern various DST tumour types and proficiently discern between early-late stage tumours, ensuring a high degree of accuracy. The MGTCN model incorporates the Graph Transformer Layer framework to meticulously transform the multi-omics adjacency matrix, thereby illuminating potential associations among diverse samples. A rigorous experimental evaluation was undertaken on the DST dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas to scrutinise the efficacy of the MGTCN model. The outcomes unequivocally underscore the efficiency and precision of MGTCN in diagnosing diverse DST tumour types and successfully discriminating between early-late stage DST cases. The source code for this groundbreaking study is readily accessible for download at https://github.com/bigone1/MGTCN.