Graphene-enhanced polymer composites: A state-of-the-art perspective on applications

Graphene-reinforced polymer composites (GRPCs) have evolved into a cutting-edge class of materials with remarkable physicochemical and thermomechanical properties. These composites offer a viable alternative to traditional materials with multifaceted applications. While existing studies have focused on specific polymer matrices and applications, there remains a lack of comprehensive analysis that integrates recent advancements in both thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers with an emphasis on their multifunctional properties. Therefore, the present review extensively focused on the state-of-the-art in the fabrication of GRPCs covering a wide range of thermosetting and thermoplastic polymer matrices. Several functionalization methods of graphene including covalent and non-covalent approaches were explored to enhance its compatibility and dispersion within the polymer matrices for enhanced properties. Recent advances in fabrication strategies which are crucial for enhancing interfacial bonding and preserving the intrinsic properties of graphene for optimizing the overall performance of the composite, are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, several applications have been comprehensively explored in various sectors which lies due to the superior performance, higher sensitivity, and enhanced durability. In addition, this review critically discusses the environmental impact and sustainability related to GRPCs along with their challenges in the development and potential to revolutionize material design. This review offers a thorough overview of the latest advancements in GRPCs, bridging existing knowledge gaps and serving as a valuable asset for driving innovation across industries and promoting the growth of human civilization.