Advances in conversion technologies for biofuels from wheat and corn straws

This work reviews recent technologies and processes for the production of biofuels from wheat and corn straw, highlighting their potential as renewable energy sources. These often underutilized agricultural residues offer a significant opportunity for the production of bioethanol, biogas, and bio-oil, contributing to the diversification of the energy matrix and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis details the impact of the chemical constituents of these straws on the efficiency of conversion processes, such as lignin and phenolic acids, which can inhibit the production of bioethanol and biogas. Among the technological advances, methods such as microwave-assisted pyrolysis and the use of ionic liquids have shown significant improvements in conversion efficiency, removing inhibitors and increasing biofuel productivity. However, these processes still face challenges related to scalability and costs. Additionally, the use of wheat and corn straw can add economic value for farmers and promote rural development, creating new sources of income and encouraging a circular economy. Overall, this study concludes that second-generation biofuels derived from wheat and corn straw hold immense potential to address environmental and economic challenges, but their large-scale adoption requires continued technological innovation and supportive public policies.