Metabolites derived from medicinal plants modulating voltage-gated sodium channel activity: A systematic review

Background

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) are critical for generating action potentials in neuronal and muscle tissues. Dysfunction of these channels is associated with neurological disorders such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and myopathies. Although plant-derived compounds have shown promise in modulating Nav channels, the molecular mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This systematic review aims to identify plant metabolites that affect Nav channel activity, with the potential for developing more selective and safer treatments.

Methods

The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) using keywords related to sodium channels and medicinal plants. Studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria and evaluated through a standard critical appraisal process by two reviewers.

Results

Six studies were included, examining the effects of plant metabolites on Nav channels. Isoquinoline alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo, hangeshashinto, osthol, and cannabidiol inhibited Na+ currents in cell models, primarily affecting Nav1.7 and Nav1.5. These compounds exhibited analgesic, antiarrhythmic, and neuroprotective properties, suggesting their therapeutic potential for disorders linked to Nav channel dysfunction.

Conclusions

Plant-derived metabolites that modulate Nav channels present significant therapeutic potential for treating neurological disorders, offering more targeted treatments with fewer side effects. However, further research is needed to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and validate these compounds through preclinical and clinical trials.