Investigation of CO2 production from agriculture and food industries, potential mitigating through solar photovoltaic pumping system and renewable energy systems; environmental impact assessment – A review

Due to its heavy reliance on fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, the food and agriculture industries have been shown to have a major impact on greenhouse gas emissions. The world's population is growing over time, and by 2050, the amount of food available to them is expected to have increased by 50% to 70%. As a result, the agriculture sector should contribute proportionately to satisfy this demand. The methodology employed in this study, which was reviewed in this review article, involved gathering data from various sources to determine how much conventional energy is used in the agricultural sector, developing a model to suggest replacing conventional energy with solar energy and bioenergy, both renewable energy sources, and analyzing the environmental impact in a way that can reduce emissions. A broad range of literature review topics has been covered in this review article, including agricultural (n = 65 review articles), food industry (n = 23), PV pumping systems (n = 19), modeling of solar photovoltaic pumping systems (n = 11), and use of renewable energy in the food industry (n = 16). Other topics covered in this review article include environmental impact analyses (n = 57). The equivalent energy consumption in the agriculture sector—which includes both direct and indirect energy—has been used as an example and compared to the corresponding solar energy consumption in terms of CO₂ output. When solar energy is used, the average estimated total CO₂ generation is 1.64 tons, and when coal is used, the estimate is 26.97 tons for renewable energy. Similarly, these figures are 9.19 and 151.13 tons, respectively, for the non-renewable energy. The solar energy sector is expected to produce significantly less CO₂ than the coal sector; therefore, the results are quite promising.