Multifactor analysis of surface deformation dynamics during economic development

Surface deformation presents considerable hazards, significantly complicating the safeguarding of coastal urban infrastructure. Coastal region infrastructure and buildings are at risk due to climate change, sea level rise, and potential geohazards. This study aims to investigate the coupling between surface deformation and driving factors during the economic development of the Tianjin-Langfang region. Time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar technology is crucial for monitoring the spatiotemporal evolution of coastal cities in preventing geological disasters. SBAS-InSAR technology was utilized in long sequence observations, revealing that surface deformation in the Tianjin area from 2016 to 2023 ranged between –50 to 30 mm/year, and it showed a trend of first decreasing and then rising since 2016. During the research period, comprehensive analysis was conducted using data such as rainfall, land use conversion, groundwater depth characteristics, and seasonal changes. It was found that the deformation in the study area is closely related to key economic development industries. Analysis of groundwater aquifer depth and rainfall data revealed spatiotemporal heterogeneity in deformation rebound. Specifically, surface deformation was greater during months with little or no rainfall compared to periods of precipitation. We discussed the intensity of surface deformation and, in conjunction with the geological environment, provided assessments and recommendations for buildings and infrastructure in severely affected areas.