Current scenario and future trends on stability issues of perovskite solar cells: A mini review

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered a new paradigm in photovoltaic energy technology due to their extraordinary power conversion capabilities. However, their commercialization is hindered by stability issues. The current understanding of PSC degradation mechanisms focuses on factors such as moisture, oxygen, light, temperature, and electrical bias are comprehensively analyzed in this review article. The essential encapsulation strategies require further refinement for long-standing stability. Material engineering, including compositional tuning and defect passivation, has shown promise in enhancing intrinsic perovskite stability. Interface tuning between the perovskite layer and charge transport materials (hole and electron transport layers) is crucial for suppressing ion migration and charge recombination. Additionally, the advanced characterization techniques offer to dive into the degradation pathways, enabling targeted stability improvements. Despite substantial progress in obtaining higher efficiency in PSCs, it is still challenging to achieve the expected stability in PSCs. The development of novel perovskite materials with enhanced structural stability, improved encapsulation strategies, and an understanding of degradation mechanisms at the molecular level should be the imminent research focus with the development of accelerated testing methodologies and field trials essential for evaluating long-standing performance. PSCs will be a major contributor to renewable energy generation once the stability issues with their structure are erased.