Mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, mitophagy and oxidative stress in gestational obesity: A review

Maternal obesity is a major global health problem with serious implications for maternal and fetal well-being. It creates a lipotoxic environment in the placenta, characterised by increased inflammation, oxidative stress and disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis. The aim of this review is to explore the intricate interactions between mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy in the context of gestational obesity. Adverse mitochondrial adaptations associated with maternal obesity contribute to placental dysfunction, impairing its ability to support healthy fetal development and increasing the risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases in the offspring. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbates oxidative stress, creating a vicious cycle that further impairs cellular processes. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve mitochondrial function and placental health, ultimately reducing long-term health risks for both mother and child.