Soft bioelectronics for the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases

Soft bioelectronics is a type of innovative technology that creates electronic devices of organic or inorganic materials on flexible/ductile substrate, holding tremendous promise for the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. The soft bioelectronic devices, when seamlessly in contact with the heart's surface, facilitate real-time monitoring of crucial parameters such as volume, pressure, and electrophysiological signals, which are indispensable for diagnosing disorders such as ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Additionally, integrating electrical and optical stimulation units into these soft bioelectronic devices could lead to significant improvements in cardiac electrophysiology. This review comprehensively covers recent progress in the development of soft bioelectronic devices for management of heart diseases, highlighting the technical challenges and future prospects in this field.