从废弃的绿色椰子壳中提取新型活性炭，用于从猪脂肪油和牛油混合合成生物柴油

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI:10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101058

E.O. Babatunde , S. Enomah , O.M. Akwenuke , T.F. Adepoju , C.O. Okwelum , M.M. Mundu , A. Aiki , O.D. Oghenejabor

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引用次数: 0

摘要

在一种新型活性炭灰分（ACA）的存在下，以猪脂肪油（PFO）和牛脂籽油（TSO）为原料合成了生物柴油。猪脂肪在锅中煮成猪脂肪油（PFO），而猪脂籽是用索氏提取器提取的。将这两种油混合成一种酸性调调和油。从腰果壳（CNH）中分离出C22H36O3酸，用于酯化高酸度调合油。在绿椰壳（GCH）制备的活性炭灰分（ACA）存在下，酯化油转化为生物柴油。通过原子吸收光谱（AAS）、红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和BET吸附分析对所得ACA进行了表征。测定了生物柴油的性能，并与推荐标准进行了比较。结果表明：70:30 （PFO:TSO）的共混物能够产生酸性油。通过滴定得到C22H36O3的酸浓度为5.07 M，将酸调油还原为2.10 mg KOH/g油。最终和近似分析表明，GCH ACA的碳含量分别为80.42%和85.52%。结果表明，GCH具有在酯交换过程中吸收油脂水分的去角质作用。在80℃的反应温度下，GCH - ACA反应。当产量为2%（重量/重量），生产周期为70 min， MOH/EOMR为1:5.76时，CCRD统计分析预测的MOH/EOMR为98.759%（重量/重量）。重复实验后的平均值为97.672% （wt./wt.）作为验证值。生产的生物柴油符合推荐的指导方针。该研究表明，利用绿色椰子壳和废弃生物质制备的活性炭生产生物柴油是最经济可行的工艺。该研究建议，其他固体废物外壳可以用来合成活性炭灰，作为工业催化剂。

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Novel-activated carbon from waste green coconut husks for the synthesis of biodiesel from pig fat oil blends with tallow seed oil

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Novel-activated carbon from waste green coconut husks for the synthesis of biodiesel from pig fat oil blends with tallow seed oil

In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from blends of pig fat oil (PFO) with tallow seed oil (TSO) in the presence of a novel activated carbon ash (ACA). Pig fat was rendered in a cooker to form pig fat oil (PFO), while the tallow seed was extracted using a Soxhlet extractor. The two oils were blended to achieve a single acidic blend oil. C₂₂H₃₆O₃ acid was isolated from cashew nut husk (CNH) and was used to esterify the high-acidity blend oil. The esterified oil was converted to biodiesel in the presence of activated carbon ash (ACA) developed from green coconut husk (GCH). The produced ACA was characterized using proximate and ultimate analysis, AAS, FTIR, SEM, and BET adsorption analysis. The properties of the biodiesel were determined and compared with the recommended standards.

Results show that the blends of 70:30 (PFO:TSO) were able to produce an acidic oil. The C₂₂H₃₆O₃ acid concentration was titrimetrically obtained as 5.07 M, while the acidic blends oil was reduced to 2.10 mg KOH/g oil. The ultimate and proximate analysis indicated that the GCH ACA was highly rich in carbon with 80.42 % and 85.52 % wt. It was observed that GCH is an exfoliant that absorbed water content in the oil during transesterification. At a reaction temperature of 80 °C, a GCH ACA conc., of 2 % (wt./wt.), a production period of 70 min, and a MOH/EOMR of 1:5.76, the CCRD statistical analysis predicted a value of 98.759 % (wt./wt.). The mean average of 97.672 % (wt./wt.) was obtained after replicate experiments as validated value. The biodiesel that is produced complies with the recommended guidelines. This study suggested that biodiesel production using activated carbon produced from green coconut husks and waste biomass can be referred to as the most economically viable process. The study recommends that other solid waste husks can be harnessed for the synthesis of activated carbon ashes for their applications as catalysts in industries.

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