Optimization of sea-rail intermodal container collection and distribution under novel port layout

This paper investigates the optimization problem of sea-rail intermodal container collection and distribution operations under novel port layout where railway lines extend to the quayside. It integrates optimization train scheduling and container transshipment to enhance temporal and spatial coordination between trains and vessels. The objectives include maximizing the ratio of direct transshipment of import/export containers and minimizing the total operational time of trains at the quayside operational area. A nonlinear mixed-integer bi-objective optimization model is constructed and linearized for compatibility with commercial solvers. Different instance sizes have been analyzed and validated, demonstrating the model’s efficiency with average direct transshipment ratios exceeding 85.47%. Furthermore, the rational allocation of mechanical equipment, such as rail-mounted gantry and quay cranes, can maximize direct transfer rates and avoid resource wastage. The optimization method proposed in this paper not only reduces port operational costs but also offers valuable insights for port layout planning.