2015-2022年美国县收入不平等、种族构成和致命警察枪击事件之间的关系研究

IF 3.3 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102350

Hossein Zare , Danielle Gilmore , Shervin Assari , Michelle Spencer , Roland Jr Thorpe , Darrell Gaskin

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引用次数: 0

摘要

该研究确定了县的收入不平等和种族构成是否会影响被警察枪杀的居民数量。研究使用了2015年至2022年警察暴力地图和《华盛顿邮报》，其中包括3126个县的7082起案件。这些数据与美国社区调查相关联。这项县级分析调查了警察枪击事件与县基尼系数之间的关系。基尼系数是衡量收入不平等的一个众所周知的指数，范围从0到1。采用负二项回归模型（NBRG）控制人口统计学因素、人口密度、人均警察人数、暴力犯罪比例、女警察比例以及州和年度固定效应。从低gc到高gc与更高的警察致命枪击事件相关，白人为2.3倍，黑人为7.6倍，西班牙裔为7.8倍，其他群体为2.1倍，总体增加3.6倍。警察致命射击的GC数量每增加一个单位，边际效应为3.496 (CI: 2.207-4.781)，其中黑人（1.032,CI: 0.504-1.562）和白人（0.510,CI: 0.191-0.829）的边际效应更高。该研究强调，在处理警察致命枪击事件时，需要全面解决收入不平等和种族构成问题。

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Exploring the association between income inequality, racial composition, and fatal police shootings in U.S. counties (2015–2022)

The study determines whether income inequality and racial composition of counties influence the number of residents who have been fatally shot by police.

Mapping Police Violence and the Washington Post between 2015 and 2022 were used, including 7082 cases across 3126 counties. This data was linked with the American Community Survey. This county level analysis investigated the association between police shootings and counties' Gini Coefficient, a well-known index to measure income inequality range from 0 to 1. The negative binomial regression models (NBRG) were used controlling for demographic factors, population density, number of police officer per-capita, ratio of violent crimes, percentage of female officers and state and year fixed effects.

Moving from low to high-GC was associated with higher fatal police shootings, with 2.3× for Whites, 7.6× for Blacks, 7.8× for Hispanics, and 2.1× for other groups, and 3.6× overall increase. One unit increase in GC number of police fatal shooting was associated with a marginal effect of 3.496 (CI: 2.207–4.781), with a higher marginal effect in Black (1.032, CI: 0.504–1.562), and White (0.510, CI: 0.191–0.829) peoples.

The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive solutions to address income inequality and racial composition in addressing fatal police shootings.

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来源期刊

Journal of Criminal Justice CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Criminal Justice is an international journal intended to fill the present need for the dissemination of new information, ideas and methods, to both practitioners and academicians in the criminal justice area. The Journal is concerned with all aspects of the criminal justice system in terms of their relationships to each other. Although materials are presented relating to crime and the individual elements of the criminal justice system, the emphasis of the Journal is to tie together the functioning of these elements and to illustrate the effects of their interactions. Articles that reflect the application of new disciplines or analytical methodologies to the problems of criminal justice are of special interest. Since the purpose of the Journal is to provide a forum for the dissemination of new ideas, new information, and the application of new methods to the problems and functions of the criminal justice system, the Journal emphasizes innovation and creative thought of the highest quality.