孟加拉国Chattogram地区瀑布重金属污染及其空间分布评估：对饮用和灌溉目的的影响

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Advances Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI:10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100613

Abdur Rouf Azad , Md. Rezaul Karim , Md. Refat Jahan Rakib , Md. Ripaj Uddin

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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文研究了Chattogram流域Khoiyachora、Kupikatakhum、Napittachhara、Bagbiani、Sohosrodhara和Suptadhara 4个主要瀑布的重金属浓度、分布和生态状况。这些瀑布的水被当地居民用于家庭、饮用和灌溉目的。在2022-2023年夏季、雨季和冬季采集了6个瀑布的18个水样。采用原子吸收光谱仪（AAS）测定水样中Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Cd、Hg、Cr、As的浓度，并与国家标准（ECR, 2023）和国际标准（WHO, 2015）进行比较。计算得出的重金属污染指数（HPI）为18.51 ~ 22.87，低于100的临界值，表示适宜饮用。然而，%Na（0.92）和镁吸附比（MAR）值（32.49）表明，该水不适合灌溉，适合饮用。另一方面，钠吸附比（SAR）（26.74）和凯利比（KR）（9.83）等指标表明其适合灌溉。HPI值（0-25）表示水质优良，可安全饮用。应用重金属污染指数（hpi）和多元统计模型（PCA、CA和Pearson相关）评价了重金属污染的时空变化、分布和污染源。CA根据人为和地质输入将监测点分为两类。主成分分析确定了五个显著的主成分，解释了总方差的73.79%。Mn、Fe、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、Zn和As的浓度存在季节和地理差异，特别是在北部和南部研究区，突出了污染格局的空间差异。决策者应该采取适当的措施来监测瀑布，以确保水安全和环境保护，以及对附近居民的水管理。

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Assessment of heavy metal pollution and spatial distribution in waterfalls of Chattogram district, Bangladesh: Implications for drinking and irrigation purposes

This study assesses the concentrations of heavy metals and their distribution as well as ecological status in the major waterfalls at Chattogram, namely Khoiyachora, Kupikatakhum, Napittachhara, Bagbiani, Sohosrodhara, and Suptadhara. The water from these waterfalls are being used by the local inhabitants for household, drinking and irrigation purposes. Eighteen water samples from six water waterfall were collected during the summer, rainy and winter seasons in 2022-2023. The concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Hg, Cr, and As in water samples were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), and compared with the national (ECR, 2023) and international standards (WHO, 2015). Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) were calculated (18.51 to 22.87) showed below the critical limit of 100, indicating suitability for drinking. However, %Na (0.92) and the magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) value (32.49) suggested that the water is unsuitable for irrigation but suitable for drinking. On the other hand, metrics such as the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) (26.74) and Kelly's ratio (KR) (9.83) indicated suitability for irrigation. HPI values (0–25) indicate excellent water quality, safe for consumption. Heavy Metal Pollution Indices (HPIs) and multivariate statistical models (PCA, CA, and Pearson correlation) were applied to evaluate spatial-temporal variations, distribution, and pollution sources. CA grouped monitoring sites into two clusters based on anthropogenic and geo-genic inputs. PCA identified five significant principal components explaining 73.79 % of total variance. Seasonal and geographical variations in Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, and As concentrations were observed, especially in northern and southern study areas, highlighting spatial differences in pollution patterns. The policymakers should take proper steps for monitor the waterfalls to ensure water security and environmental protection as well as water management for the nearby inhabitants.

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