Sustainable pavement design: A comprehensive study on incorporating 100 % recycled asphalt pavement and utilizing 100 % industrial solid waste

In order to improve the utilization rate of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and industrial solid waste and promote the sustainable development of pavement construction, this study used RAP prepared a large void matrix skeleton, polyurethane and waste rubber-modified asphalt as binders for the large void matrix skeleton, and desulfurization ash, steel slag, and blast furnace slag prepared solid waste based grouting materials, a composite regenerated pavement was designed, and the performance formation mechanism, environment and economic benefits were evaluated through three-dimensional reconstruction and life cycle assessment. Research has found that the designed composite regenerated pavement has significantly higher high-temperature stability and durability than traditional asphalt pavement but slightly lower water stability and low-temperature crack resistance. The relative surface area index of the voids in the RAP matrix skeleton determines the overall structural condition of the composite regenerated pavement, as well as the interlocking and bonding status between the solid waste-based grouting materials and the RAP matrix skeleton in spatial form, and significantly affects the mechanical performance and durability of the composite regenerated pavement. The energy consumption and emissions during the production stage of raw materials account for 30–60 % of the entire pavement lifecycle. Replacing pavement raw materials with solid waste is an important way to promote the sustainable development of pavement. Among them, the energy consumption and emissions during the production process of bonding materials account for about 80 % of the raw material production stage. Therefore, controlling the energy consumption and emissions of bonding materials for composite regenerated pavement is the key to further exploring environmental benefits. Overall, this study not only promotes the efficient utilization of RAP and industrial solid waste but also designs a new sustainable pavement with significant environmental protection characteristics and low cost, and the pavement performance fully meets the usage needs.