Open innovation and sustainable development: A micro and macroeconomic analysis using a mixed method research with PLS-SEM-NCA and Delphi

Open innovation is increasingly studied as a driver of sustainable development. Policymakers must understand how these variables are related and the factors improving the environment in which open innovation develops. Therefore, this research aims to analyse the relationship between open innovation and sustainable development and determine the impact of different factors on open innovation. This study considers human capital, institutional business facilities, and market opportunities. A mixed-research method is used in two complementary studies. Study 1 considers macroeconomic data and applies a structural equation model through partial least squares and necessary condition analysis. Based on the results of Study 1, a qualitative approach is adopted in Study 2, using a Delphi adapted to experts to better understand the results at the micro level. The results are useful for policymakers to establish an integrated decision-making framework stemming from integrating both micro- and macro-level information.