Smart manufacturing system with rework and partial outsourcing for battery industry

Batteries have an important role in the energy industry by storing energy that can be utilized when it is needed. This not only has a positive impact on the environment but also contributes to the creation of a more sustainable and dependable energy system. This study introduces an advanced manufacturing inventory system that considers scheduled backorders and the reworking process of imperfect batteries detected during inspection. Industries face a significant challenge of shortage problems due to increasing demand and product variability. To tackle this issue, a study has been conducted to produce high-quality batteries and minimize waste generation. Computer-integrated technologies are utilized to ensure product authenticity. Partial outsourcing is crucial to expedite the backorder recovery process, and the setup, production, outsourcing, holding, backorder, rework, screening, and advertisement costs have all been meticulously considered. Demand is viewed as an advertisement cost and selling price dependent due to variations in real-world demand. Simulated annealing has been used to optimize profit, and the developed model has been validated with sensitivity analysis and numerical examples. This study has significant implications for the energy sector, emphasizing sustainable industrialization and economic growth.